Despite extensive clinical and basic research, we know very little about the aetiology and pathomechanism of biliary atresia (BA). Today, it is a matter of common sense that early diagnosis (screening programs), sequential surgical treatment (the Kasai procedure and optional liver transplantation), and thorough follow-up in paediatric liver units improve survival rates among BA patients with native livers. However, BA still remains the most frequent indication of paediatric liver transplantation in patients with an unfavourable outcome after the Kasai procedure because the survival with native liver drops below 30% over the long term. Therefore, the following aspects should be considered alongside individual health issues: first, early organ replacement is a multifactorial burden for the growing organism, and second, every patient who survives with their native liver relieves the limited availability of donor organs and benefits national health expenditures with economic savings. From that point of view, international and interdisciplinary strategies are mandatory, in as much as BA is a rare disease. Over the past several years, national and international initiatives have been established in order to improve screening, centralization, diagnosis, as well as surgical and adjuvant treatment protocols. One such initiative is the recently launched European rare diseases network “rare-liver”.

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Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like endometrial cells, glands, and stroma outside the uterus, causing a strong inflammatory-like microenvironment in the affected tissue. The exact prevalence of endometriosis is unknown, but estimates range from 2%–10% of women of reproductive age, to 50% of infertile women. Its etiopathogenesis of endometriosis still remains controversial—immune, hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors may be all involved, and several theories have been proposed to explain it.This book aims to summarize recent ground-breaking studies that may open new scenarios and change the perspective of the topic, including cutting-edge elements about diagnosis, pharmacologic and surgical treatments, as well as basic/translational science (immunology, cell biology, genetics, and epigenetics) pieces of evidence, to unravel new pathways to follow for the future diagnosis and management of endometriosis, and to improve our current knowledge of its aetiology.

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The 22 papers that make up this Special Issue deal with pathogen and pest impact on forest health, from the diagnosis to the surveillance of causative agents, from the study of parasites’ biological, epidemiological, and ecological traits to their correct taxonomy and classification, and from disease and pest monitoring to sustainable control strategies.

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Clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease are amongst the most common presenting complaints in small animal veterinary practice. Over the last decade, many scientific advances have been made regarding determining the etiopathogenesis, improving diagnostics, and optimizing the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases in dogs and cats. Despite this, there are still large knowledge gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and, therefore, the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods or efficacious treatments for common gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic inflammatory enteropathy, canine protein-losing enteropathy, and feline enteric-associated T-cell lymphoma-2. Therefore, the publication of new scientific findings focused on canine and feline gastroenterology will help to advance our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of the present Special Issue was to gather, in one publication, the most recent advances in canine and feline gastrointestinal research.

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of gallbladder disease, focusing on anatomy, pathology, and treatment. Chapters address such topics as endoscopic ultrasound as a new tool in the management of gallbladder disease, post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury, and gallbladder cancer.

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This book focuses on research on sensorineural hearing loss, syndromic or non-syndromic, related to genetic and viral factors. The metabolic syndrome, autoimmune etiopathogenesis, and new elements of cochlear implantation were also evaluated. New developments and utility of laboratory tests in inner ear diseases (sudden sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis) are also discussed.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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This reprint contains original research and review chapters concerning the latest advancements in various topics related to pediatric fractures. Topics include fractures of the face, clavicle, shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, pelvis, femur, and tibia; special considerations focus on osteogenesis imperfecta patients; and consideration is also given to general pediatric fracture topics, such as the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality after pediatric trauma, the effects of NSAID and electronic cigarette use, and chapters on epidemiology and physical activity.

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Recent Advances in Dry Eye Disease is a collection of chapters written by experts that discuss different aspects of dry eye disease (DED). Bridging the gap between research and practice, the book provides practical insights and clinically relevant information to help healthcare professionals optimize patient care and inspire researchers to further explore emerging concepts in the etiopathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment of DED. The chapters cover hot topics in DED including but not limited to computer vision syndrome as a growing challenge in the era of modern lifestyle, anterior segment imaging as an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of dry eye, and applications of intense regulated pulsed light therapy as a promising treatment for DED. Whether you are an eyecare professional seeking up-to-date information to improve patient care or are a vision scientist looking for trends in dry eye research, gaps, and future directions, Recent Advances in Dry Eye Disease is an indispensable resource for gaining new insights.

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In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

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Find out an innovative exploration of online violence through this book, which is the result of an unprecedented collaboration between Bordeaux Montaigne University and the French National Police Service, within the “CyberNeTic” research project. It explores underlying cyberbullying practices and its violent mechanisms as it gets to the heart of communication and information sciences as well as cybercriminology. It can also provide a typology of over forty modes of operation. This approach offers a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of this modern scourge. Both academic and practical, this book focuses on a specific scientific definition of identified cyberbullying practices. Along with these online crime explorations, harrowing testimonial integrations and concrete examples presentations, it is in fact relying on the in-depth legal framework and providing scientific references that are essential for a better full apprehending of the issue. This book is a keen resource for all professionals confronted to digital violence or committed to create a safer online space.

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