"Zero Budget Natural Farming" which is useful for farming community, academia, research institutes and agricultural scientists as a new dimension in a traditional and sustainable way of farming. Natural Farming was founded by Dr. Cho Han Kyu in the 1960's at a time when emvironment was not even as an issue. Dr. Cho tried to show an alternative way of farming that assured both high yield and good quality, a nature- respecting farming that superseded the chemical intensive agriculture which had just begun to spmad in South Korea at that time. Natural Farming is an innovative new method of farming that utilizes the nature's powers for maximum performance rather than human intervention. Natural Farming uses natural materials instead of chemicals to make its unique inputs. Materials are locally available and cheap, and the farming inputs are made by the farmers instead of being purchased from the market, tt1us lowering cost for the farmers and converting waste as resources. Now a day's rnatural farming is provided to over 15 countries, recognized of its strength to producei more, at a better quality, with lower cost. It is also practiced in the underdeveloped countries and communities to give them a self supporting tool that can improve their living. South Korea, Japan, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Mongolia, USA and India. I have great pleasure in releasing the book on Zero Budget Natural Farming for farming and livestock. I congratulate the author and editors for their erndeavor and wish them all success in spreading the Natural farming technology to make this wortd a better place to live in and for the benefit of the future generatiom,.

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Proceedings of the new Animal Genetics and Disease Wellcome Genome Campus meeting. The new Animal Genetics and Disease 2017 conference committee organised a Research Topic for the proceedings of this inaugural conference. The meeting brought together specialists working on the interface between genomics, genetic engineering and infectious disease with the aims of improving animal and human health and welfare. This conference was funded by Advanced Courses and Scientific Conference at the Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. The conference highlights breakthroughs in genomic technologies that are rapidly increasing our understanding of the fundamental role that host and pathogen genetics play in infections and epidemics. This Research Topic focuses on how infections spread and how they further affect the productivity of livestock systems and food supply chains. Thanks to technological advances, we now have the tools for real-time surveillance of zoonoses affecting wildlife, farm animals and animal-to-human disease transmission.

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De 1974 à 2014, l’Afrique intertropicale a connu une croissance inédite des effectifs des herbivores domestiques. Les effectifs bovins ont été multipliés par plus de 2, ceux des petits ruminants par plus de 3. Aujourd’hui, la région regroupe environ 20 % des bovins et des ovins, 33 % des caprins et 81 % des dromadaires élevés sur la planète. Soit un cheptel de près de 900 millions de têtes. L’ouvrage est axé sur la dynamique des élevages des ruminants et des équidés en Afrique intertropicale. Il décrit les différents systèmes d’élevage rencontrés en zones aride et subhumide et les ressources alimentaires disponibles ; il aborde les impacts locaux et globaux des élevages des herbivores sur l’environnement. Le rôle socio-économique majeur des activités autour des animaux et de leurs produits, et la demande croissante en viande et lait des consommateurs sont soulignés. Une organisation efficace des filières bétail-viande est rapportée, alors que des contraintes à la mise en place d’une industrie laitière persistent. Pour de nombreuses familles vivant proches du seuil de pauvreté, l’élevage est un facteur de réduction de la vulnérabilité. Divers services qui permettraient un développement durable des élevages sont décrits. Cependant, les modes de financements et les suivis des impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux devront évoluer.

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Pigs have a strong motivation to explore and root. In conventional pig husbandry systems, this need is difficult to fulfil, unless adequate enrichment materials are provided. This book summarises how enrichment strategies for pigs have evolved over the last few decades in different countries and provides a vast array of possibilities to enhance the exploratory needs of pigs. The role of enrichment material on avoidance of tail biting outbreaks or as an element triggering positive emotions in pigs is also discussed.

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Yemen is arguably not a single war as much as it is a mosaic of interlinked conflicts. Just as the conflict defies easy descriptions, so do its actors. Yemen’s conflict has its own internal logic. The frequent framings of Yemen as a proxy war may reflect the increasing role of external actors, but they often obscure as much as they elucidate. That said, the role of foreign actors—and its intersection with local Yemeni groups—is crucial for understanding the wider conflict.

The Proxy Wars Project (PWP) aims to develop new insights for resolving the wars that beset the Arab world. While the conflicts in Yemen, Libya, Syria, and Iraq have internal roots, the US, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and others have all provided military and economic support to various belligerents. PWP Conflict Studies are papers written by recognized area experts that are designed to elucidate the complex relationship between internal proxies and external sponsors. PWP is jointly directed by Ariel Ahram (Virginia Tech) and Ranj Alaaldin (Brookings Doha Center) and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

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Yemen is arguably not a single war as much as it is a mosaic of interlinked conflicts. Just as the conflict defies easy descriptions, so do its actors. Yemen’s conflict has its own internal logic. The frequent framings of Yemen as a proxy war may reflect the increasing role of external actors, but they often obscure as much as they elucidate. That said, the role of foreign actors—and its intersection with local Yemeni groups—is crucial for understanding the wider conflict.

The Proxy Wars Project (PWP) aims to develop new insights for resolving the wars that beset the Arab world. While the conflicts in Yemen, Libya, Syria, and Iraq have internal roots, the US, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and others have all provided military and economic support to various belligerents. PWP Conflict Studies are papers written by recognized area experts that are designed to elucidate the complex relationship between internal proxies and external sponsors. PWP is jointly directed by Ariel Ahram (Virginia Tech) and Ranj Alaaldin (Brookings Doha Center) and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.

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De Friese adel van de late middeleeuwen opereerde in een niet-feodaal gebied dat lange tijd geen landsheer kende. Hadden de leden, hoofdelingen genaamd, zich uit de boerenstand omhooggewerkt of vormden ze vanouds een gesloten stand? Hoe zat het met hun vermogen? Dit boek zoomt in op Rienck Hemmema en zijn vrouw Ath Roorda. Zij exploiteerden in de jaren 1569-1573 een boerderij in Hitzum onder Franeker. Uit Riencks Rekenboeck blijkt dat hij geen eigenerfde boer was, maar een edelman met een royale levensstijl en meer inkomsten dan uit die ene boerderij. Een ruimtelijke reconstructie van zijn bezit en dat van zijn voorgeslacht toont hoe agrarisch kapitaal per generatie werd gevormd en overgedragen. Dit beeld wordt getoetst aan een Quote 200 uit 1513 en huwelijksakten uit 1450-1550. Een belangrijke conclusie is dat de Friese adel getalsmatig omvangrijk was, met veel families die leefden van twee of drie boerderijen. De figuur van de edelman-boer kwam dus vaak voor.

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This book explores the rapidly changing seaweed industry in Indonesia, the largest global producer of carrageenan-bearing seaweeds. Seaweed production in Indonesia has grown exponentially over the last twenty years, and rural communities across the country have embraced this new livelihood activity. This book begins with an examination of the global carrageenan seaweed industry, from the global market for carrageenan in processed foods, to the national and regional contexts in Indonesia across which it is farmed, processed, and traded. It then explores the ways that rural communities have reshaped their lives around seaweed production, with chapters on agrarian transformations, negotiations over access to sea space, farmer decision-making in presence of environmental, social and economic constraints, the role of women and casual labourers in the industry, and the marketing of seaweed through social networks. Based on a multi-disciplinary research initiative, this book demonstrates the interrelatedness of environmental, social and economic dynamics on seaweed production, processing and trade, and argues for key policy interventions to support the sustainable development of the industry in the context of climate change. It also provides a lens for understanding and improving the broader processes of sustainable rural development in a rapidly globalising and commercialising world. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of aquaculture, food systems, agricultural economics, rural studies and sustainable development.

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The context of climate change and agroecological transition reinforces the need for water conservation in agriculture. Irrigation is the subject of much debate regarding improvements in its technological, agronomic and environmental performance. It represents one of the means of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change. In order for it to fully play this role, while taking into account the sustainability of aquatic environments and water and energy resources, a better understanding of existing equipment, tools and their use is necessary. The fourth edition of this practical guide presents the basic concepts of hydraulics, pumping stations and different irrigation techniques (sprinkler, localised, surface) and illustrates the efficiency of irrigation in terms of water and energy. It also offers up-to-date tools for analysis and decision-making in irrigation management and operation (from the regional level down to te plot level). Numerous links to digital content such as hydraulic calculators and concrete case studies complete the package. This publication was produced under the coordination of AFEID (French Association for Water, Irrigation and Drainage), in close collaboration with research and development organisations and technical institutes. It is intended for those involved in irrigation and water management, including farmers, development advisers, engineers and technicians.

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The notion of environmental justice is emerging in the face of evidence of differential access to environmental resources and unequal distribution of environmental risks affecting certain social groups. Often addressed in research in the North, the analysis of criteria of justice or injustice associated with the environment, such as access to water, mineral extraction or the recognition of local communities, has been little studied in Africa. However, many African territories are undergoing unbridled development to accompany their strong growth and to respond to development issues that affect the environment of the local populations. The theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions presented in this book make it possible to identify the issues of environmental justice beyond the traditional perspectives. They show how the historicity of the relations of domination between different types of actors in Africa is a determining variable in the understanding of the notion of justice. This book is intended for researchers interested in socio-environmental justice issues in the South, for NGOs fighting against these injustices, for students of social sciences and spatial planning, and for donors financing infrastructures and confronted with the growing opposition of local or international actors.

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IDEA4 is a method for assessing and analyzing farm sustainability. Its theoretical framework combines a dual approach based on the three dimensions of sustainability - agroecological, socio-territorial, economic - and the five properties of sustainable agricultural systems: productive and reproductive capacity of goods and services, autonomy, robustness, territorial anchorage, global responsibility. This dual reading of sustainability is a major innovation in the international panorama of indicator-based methods for assessing sustainability. The IDEA4 method is an operational tool that can be directly applied to the main agricultural production systems in mainland France and Europe in general. IDEA4 can also be used as a theoretical support and evaluation tool for other agricultural systems around the world, subject to a few adjustments. Its fifty-three indicators are calculated and aggregated in a transparent and scientifically justified way. It can be implemented over a reasonable timescale, thanks to operational support for data processing and results production (explanatory sheets, survey guide, calculator, WEB-IDEA platform, etc.). The IDEA4 method can be used to identify paths of progress towards greater sustainability in individual or collective agro-ecological transition initiatives. It is already widely used in agricultural and higher education, in consulting and support activities for agro-ecological transition, in public action to implement and monitor programs, and in research.

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Based on original research, combining archives and oral testimonies, this work traces, from the first trial and error of systemic approaches in the 1960s to the turning point of sustainable development in the 2000s, the history of the department Sad - Agrarian systems and development - from INRA (now INRAE). From its origins, Sad has been characterized by its distancing from agricultural modernization, conceived as an enterprise of rationalization and technical and economic optimization. Present in the fragile areas of agrarian abandonment, Sad will be no less concerned about the future of large-scale farming areas plagued by doubts about the virtues of intensification. The "Sadians", in all their diversity and contradictions, will constantly question the scientific standards in force. They will thus help to stimulate the scientific and societal debate on the issues of family farming, the quality of production, environmental services or the heritage dimension, both natural and cultural, of agriculture. Nourished by their own research, but also by sharing experience on an international scale, the theoretical and methodological daring of the Sadians will not leave anyone indifferent, at INRA and outside. This book tells us how they went in thirty years from dissent and marginality to a scientific contribution fully recognized within research French agronomic. At the crossroads of the history of the present, the history of science and the philosophy of science, the author highlights the individuals - technicians, engineers, scientists and teachers - who have made a deeply original contribution to intellectual matrix of French and international agricultural research.

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Plumage color, comb shape, individual size or eggshell color... As early as the beginning of the XXth century, scientists identified the single-gene determinism of some visible traits that define the different chicken breeds. In 2004, the sequencing of the chicken genome revolutionized the study of domestication and breed genetic diversity, making it possible to reconstruct their history and precisely determine the genes responsible for visible traits. Today, molecular diagnostic tests can also be used to help interpret phenotypes, particularly in the case of crossbred animals. Inspired by Gérard Coquerelle's book (Les poules. Diversité génétique visible, Inra, 2000), this book revisits the visible genetic diversity of hens, integrating the new knowledge provided by molecular genetics and addressing the mechanisms leading to the variations observed and to certain metabolic defects. It presents the fundamental principles of Mendelian genetics, uses pedagogical diagrams to explain interactions between genes themselves or with the environment, and describes over 30 genes used by breeders since the beginning of chicken domestication, well before knowing the genome. This book is aimed at amateur or industrial breeders, teachers at general or agricultural high schools and researchers interested in the comparative genetics of birds and mammals.

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L’agriculture est-elle toujours une affaire de famille ? Cet ouvrage analyse les transformations du caractère familial de l’agriculture en France, mises en perspective avec quelques éclairages de situations dans les pays du Sud. La première partie de l’ouvrage rend compte des recompositions de l’exploitation agricole et de ses enjeux, exploitation qui est de moins en moins familiale, tout en le restant. Elle propose des cadres d’analyse élargis pour les appréhender. Les transformations des formes familiales d’agriculture sont abordées dans une deuxième partie par l’étude des mutations qui s’opèrent dans le travail en agriculture. Ces mutations amènent à questionner le sens du travail et les interfaces avec le vivre en famille et les activités non-agricoles, au-delà des seules problématiques d’organisation et de performances technico-économiques. La troisième partie de l’ouvrage montre que les cadres structurant l’activité agricole dépassent le champ de la famille et se renouvellent, en particulier dans les formes d’insertion territoriale, dans les modalités des processus d’innovation et par des reconfigurations de l’action collective de proximité. Finalement, les transformations du caractère familial, saisies dans le temps long des trajectoires d’exploitations, sont aussi observées dans les formes et stratégies de pérennisation et de transmission, qu’il s’agisse de transmettre un statut, une activité, une entreprise, un patrimoine, un outil de production ou encore des savoir-faire. Une synthèse conclusive propose un renouvellement des questions de recherche et plaide pour un décloisonnement des études en agriculture. L’ouvrage rassemble des travaux de recherche récents de chercheurs issus du département Sciences pour l’action et le développement (Sad) de l’Inra et de ses partenaires scientifiques et professionnels. Il fait une large place à des travaux de jeunes chercheurs et à des thèses récemment soutenues. D’abord destiné aux chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs, il s’adresse également aux organisations professionnelles (instituts techniques, réseaux associatifs, syndicats, chambres d’agriculture, etc.).

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What does the discourse on nomadism say about anthropological concepts of western societies? This edited volume relates historical instances of nomadism to the role of »the nomad« in political discourses and recent theoretical debates. The figure of the nomad was and still is constructed as an antagonist within a (neo-)liberal frame of narratives about sedentarism, productivity and improvement. Whereas the discourse about nomadism in the 18th and 19th century was entangled with colonial contexts and ideas about so called »primitive« societies, it became even more multifaceted in the 20th century, considering ideas about »nomadic thinking« of Deleuze or Guattari, and different forms of »modern nomadism« on the rise: from travelling day laborers to refugees of war, to scientists, to a global managerial class. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode

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Explores the Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Technology Precision agriculture technology, when properly integrated into the crop production process, can greatly improve overall production and sustainability. Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming focuses on the technology of site-specific crop management; detailing applications for sensing, data handling, modeling, and control. Written by experts who have contributed significantly to the development of precision agriculture technology, this book reviews its history—establishing background on the various processes and applications—describes the current status, and offers insight into the future technology of precision agriculture. Introducing processes and applications based on a global scale, the book reveals how precision agriculture can be used in large-scale agriculture, community agriculture, and diversified farming. It includes site-specific information from a variety of information sources for planning, planting, growing, and harvesting agricultural crops. It also presents a new concept based on the control system theory that can be used to formulate systematic methods for more effective precision crop production. In addition, this author: Describes yield monitors and guidance systems, GPS-based soil sampling, real-time crop and soil sensors, and remote sensing Evaluates a Japanese model of community-based precision agriculture aimed at high profitability and reliability under regional and environmental constraints Highlights autonomous vehicles, field robots, and other intelligent machinery, emerging developments, and future technology in the field of production agriculture Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming provides an overview of precision agriculture technology development, discusses current and future considerations, and aims to facilitate the successful integration of precision agriculture technology.

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Explores the Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Technology Precision agriculture technology, when properly integrated into the crop production process, can greatly improve overall production and sustainability. Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming focuses on the technology of site-specific crop management; detailing applications for sensing, data handling, modeling, and control. Written by experts who have contributed significantly to the development of precision agriculture technology, this book reviews its history—establishing background on the various processes and applications—describes the current status, and offers insight into the future technology of precision agriculture. Introducing processes and applications based on a global scale, the book reveals how precision agriculture can be used in large-scale agriculture, community agriculture, and diversified farming. It includes site-specific information from a variety of information sources for planning, planting, growing, and harvesting agricultural crops. It also presents a new concept based on the control system theory that can be used to formulate systematic methods for more effective precision crop production. In addition, this author: Describes yield monitors and guidance systems, GPS-based soil sampling, real-time crop and soil sensors, and remote sensing Evaluates a Japanese model of community-based precision agriculture aimed at high profitability and reliability under regional and environmental constraints Highlights autonomous vehicles, field robots, and other intelligent machinery, emerging developments, and future technology in the field of production agriculture Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming provides an overview of precision agriculture technology development, discusses current and future considerations, and aims to facilitate the successful integration of precision agriculture technology.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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Frontiers in Sustainability (FinS) is an edited book series by MDPI. It serves as a transdisciplinary and multistakeholder platform for regional and global sustainability issues. Here, we understand transdisciplinarity as a collaboration between researchers from different disciplines to conceptualize, study, and derive solutions to sustainability-relevant problems that may be relevant to stakeholder practices and outcomes beyond academia. FinS promotes debates within and between academic disciplines, especially the natural sciences, engineering and technology, and the social sciences, and it seeks to publish academically relevant exchanges between academia, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, politics, and business. FinS also publishes manuscripts that do not fit the conventional journal format. Apart from theoretical or empirical papers on sustainability, contributions may include tentative policy or position papers, important research updates, opinion pieces, focused literature reviews, descriptions of relevant research or government programs, and other original and creative contributions relating to sustainability. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed. Those accepted for publication in FinS appear as a hardcopy, as well as online as open access articles. FinS is linked to the World Sustainability Forum. However, submissions from authors who did not present their work at one of the Forum events are also considered for publication.

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The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536–7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change.

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Globally, the agri-food sector has a major role to play in ensuring food security and economic development, especially for lower income countries. In the increasingly demanding context of environmental risk, exacerbated by climate change, and of environmental degradation, agricultural producers are faced with the challenge to meet the demand of the agri-food sector to feed growing populations in a sustainable manner while still trying to make ends meet. Toward a Sustainable Agriculture: Farming Practices and Water Use, the first volume of MDPI’s Frontiers in Sustainability book series, edited by Prof. Manfred Max Bergman (University of Basel, Switzerland), aims to contribute to the agri-food sector’s need for science-based evidence required to address these challenging demands: In this book, a variety of scholars explore risks and potential solutions to inform producers and policy makers regarding practices towards sustainable production in the context of a changing climate.

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Globally, the agri-food sector has a major role to play in ensuring food security and economic development, especially for lower-income countries. In the increasingly demanding context of environmental risk, exacerbated by climate change, and of environmental degradation, agricultural producers are faced with the challenge of meeting the demand of the agri-food sector to feed growing populations in a sustainable manner while still trying to make ends meet. Toward a Sustainable Agriculture: Farming Practices and Water Use, the first volume of MDPI’s Frontiers in Sustainability book series, edited by Prof. Manfred Max Bergman (University of Basel, Switzerland), aims to contribute to the agri-food sector’s need for the science-based evidence required to address these challenging demands. In this book, a variety of scholars explore risks and potential solutions to inform producers and policy-makers regarding practices towards sustainable production in the context of a changing climate.

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This book explains and explores how collaborations can be built and strengthened between African universities and farming communities to address real-world contemporary challenges. The book focuses on Community Action Research Platforms, an approach that has successfully enabled African universities to break free of the ivory tower and prove their relevance to society through deep collaborative engagements in targeted agricultural value chains. Developed in a pan-African network of universities (RUFORUM) focused on capacity building in agriculture, the approach has been tested in diverse settings over the last 15 years. The book draws on the experiences and lessons from 21 different projects initiated by RUFORUM member universities in Benin, Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. It highlights a critical yet underutilised role for African universities as collaborators and catalysts for multisector solutions. These are solutions that increase productivity and address climate change. They develop livelihoods and resilience in rural communities, as well as promote farmers’ access to markets, innovation and trade while safeguarding biodiversity and enhancing food and nutrition security. The book makes a case for repositioning African universities as fulcrums of development in society. It shares the rich experiences, learnings and scientific findings of diverse researchers, practitioners and students who have been working towards achieving this reality on the ground. This multidisciplinary book holds appeal for university leaders, higher education, agrifood and development specialists, researchers and practitioners, policymakers and development agencies engaged in African agriculture and rural development, higher education and sustainable growth.

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Notions of an arcadian farming life permeate settler-Australian understandings of themselves and their nation. Qualities of hard work, perseverance, resourcefulness, and a steady devotion to family and community—the historian John Hirst's Pioneer Legend—are idealised in this nation. But the people from whom the legend is derived have rarely been studied in depth. They are more the stuff of myth and fond imagining than of concerted examination. To what extent is the legend built on lived experience? How have farming people thought of themselves and their contribution to a wider national mythos? 'We are a farming class’ examines the lives of people in the farmlands surrounding Dubbo in the New South Wales central west between the 1870s and the 1950s, from free selection and the establishment of agriculture to the dawning of postwar prosperity and change. What emerges is a closely documented, ethnographically rich portrait of a way of life and culture at once distinctive and surprising, recognisable and unknown.

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