(Mass spectrometric) non-target screening is a preferably comprehensive and untargeted (predominantly organic molecules detecting) approach combining (robust) analytical measurements with adapted data evaluation concepts, systematic compound identification workflows, and statistical data interpretation. It is well suitable for the identification of new, unexpected and/or unknown organic compounds as well as monitoring ‘molecular fingerprints’ and profiling ‘process-relevant’ molecules via statistical methods. In recent years, 14 articles in various disciplines were published and presented in this Special Issue, whereby it contains 4 peer-reviewed review articles and 10 peer-reviewed research articles dealing with non-target screening strategies and solutions.

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This reprint gathers 16 contributions (13 research articles and 3 reviews) covering different areas of analytical chemistry. Many of these contributions deal with the development and application in real matrices of chromatographic methods interfaced with mass spectrometry, but also spectroscopic, electrochemical, and separation methods are also proposed.

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This collection of articles provides an overview of the current and future methods for applying a personalized medicine approach to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

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Due to increasing concern about the use of pesticides and its potential side effects, this book considers the development and application of alternative, environmental-friendly, plant protection methods for the control of weeds, disease, and pests (predators, parasitoids, competitors, plant-plant interactions, microelements, biopesticides). Some of the main advantages of the measures presented in papers are the absence of toxicity to humans and vertebrates, beneficial organisms, and the environment, as well as the absence of pest resistance. In order to provide sustainable and eco-friendly food production, those are important subjects, both in conventional, organic and integrated agricultural farming. Through reviews and original research articles, this reprint covers all aspects of alternative measures in plant protection.

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“Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts.

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Aging is a complex, only partially understood process, and is a key risk factor in the development of noncommunicable ailments that greatly impact human quality of life. One of the causes of most age-related diseases is an imbalance in the oxidation-reduction reactions, with the accumulation of reactive species, which are major contributors to cellular senescence. The book contributes to the knowledge connected to the prevention or treatment of these pathological conditions. It focuses on the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammatory factors could cause the genesis and progression of age-associated diseases, and on new strategies for delaying and altering aging.

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Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.

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Antioxidants in Health and Disease discusses the effects of dietary antioxidants and antioxidant supplementation in humans. It reviews the latest evidence-based research in the area, principally through prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. The book assesses major dietary antioxidants and discusses their use in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, HIV/AIDS, and neurodegenerative and immune diseases. The use of antioxidants in health is also discussed along with common adverse effects associated with antioxidant use. Separating myth from fact, this book gives you insight into the true role of antioxidants in health and disease.

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This Special Issue, “Approaches in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants” published 13 original research works and a couple of review articles that discuss the various aspects of plant oxidative stress biology and ROS metabolism, as well as the physiological mechanisms and approaches to enhancing antioxidant defense and mitigating oxidative stress. These papers will serve as a foundation for plant oxidative stress tolerance and, in the long term, provide further research directions in the development of crop plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.

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The present Special Issue summarizes the available scientific evidence concerning the nutrients and biomarkers in musculoskeletal diseases linked to the metabolic conditions secondary to COVID-19 confinement, osteoporosis prevention for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and the nutritional status in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Furthermore, it explores the novel findings for experimental animal models of pharmacological agents to improve the regeneration of muscle tissue; acetylcholine spontaneous release located in the neuromuscular junction in mice, secondary to hypercaloric diet supplementation with an increase in spontaneous neurotransmission and the activation of myofascial trigger points associated with myofascial pain syndrome; and myogenic biomarkers in musculoskeletal conditions and gene expression associated with vitamin D and L-cysteine co-supplementation. This Special Issue is edited by a multidisciplinary group comprising the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidade da Coruña, and Universidad Europea de Madrid.

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Professor Hong-Yuan Chen is a full-time professor of analytical chemistry at Nanjing University, China. He graduated from Nanjing University in 1961 and became a professor in 1988. He worked as a visiting scholar at Mainz University from 1981 to 1984 and was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001. Professor Chen is well known as a pioneer in the field of electrochemistry and biosensors. He has authored numerous papers and reviews on chemical sensors, probes, labels, and bioassays; microchips, single-cell and single-particle imaging; and spectroscopic methods, including fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence imaging. Professor Chen also has experience in live cell analysis using microneedles, and his group first described microelectrodes in 1987. This work has been adopted in IUPAC. Professor Chen has published >1,100 papers with over >55000 citations and an h-index of 114. He received National Natural Science Award (2nd Class) from the Chinese Government (2007), the Scientific and Technological Progress Award from Ho Leung Hdo Lee Foundation (2007) and the Nature’s 2015 Lifetime Award for South China, among others. This Special Issue is dedicated to celebrating the career of Professor Hong-Yuan Chen in honor of his contributions to the fields of bionic recognition and biosensors.

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This Special Issue, “Biotechnology Applications of Microalgae”, is focused on the latest novel advances related to the production of different bioactive compounds from microalgae and their biotechnological use.

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The metabolomics approach, defined as the study of all endogenously-produced low-molecular-weight compounds, appeared as a promising strategy to define new cancer biomarkers. Information obtained from metabolomic data can help to highlight disrupted cellular pathways and, consequently, contribute to the development of new-targeted therapies and the optimization of therapeutics. Therefore, metabolomic research may be more clinically translatable than other omics approaches, since metabolites are closely related to the phenotype and the metabolome is sensitive to many factors. Metabolomics seems promising to identify key metabolic pathways characterizing features of pathological and physiological states. Thus, knowing that tumor metabolism markedly differs from the metabolism of normal cells, the use of metabolomics is ideally suited for biomarker research. Some works have already focused on the application of metabolomic approaches to different cancers, namely lung, breast and liver, using urine, exhaled breath and blood. In this Special Issue we contribute to a more complete understanding of cancer disease using metabolomics approaches.

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The aim of this special issue was to collect and contribute to the dissemination of high-quality research articles, as well as review articles, focusing on the relationship between oxidative-stress-related diseases and cellular responses in different pathologies, including ischemic stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular targets of cellular membranes, as well as their potential modulation under oxidative stress, will be also considered in an attempt to provide more information about cell response to oxidative stress and its possible modulation via novel pharmacological strategies.

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People around the world are living longer. For the first time in history, most humans will live to be sixty and beyond. By 2050, the world's population aged 60 and over will reach a total of 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are 80 years of age or older. By 2050, there will be 434 million people in this age group worldwide. In addition, the pace of aging of the world population is also increasing. However, there is not enough evidence to show that older people have better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined over the past 30 years (but only in high-income countries), there have been no significant changes in mild to moderate disability over the same period of time. Indeed, the increase in the duration of life (lifespan) does not coincide with the increase in the duration of health (healthspan), that is, the period of life free from serious chronic diseases and disabilities. Therefore, the identification of the factors that predispose to a long and healthy life, as discussed in the papers of this book, is of enormous interest for translational medicine.

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Food packaging plays an important role in the preservation and transportation stages of food. In recent years, coating packaging has become a research hotspot. Coatings can inhibit the growth of microorganisms during food storage, control gas exchange, water penetration, and oxidation processes in food, thus improving food safety and extending the shelf life of food, which brings convenience to consumers. This Special Issue on food packaging and shelf life caters to the needs of scientists, material scientists, food chemists, and microbiologists in the area of food packaging and shelf life. The journal will mainly publish original research papers, review articles, and short communications in the following areas: food packaging material development, coatings or films material development, nano coatings or films material, edible coatings or films, designing coatings or films machinery, physical and chemical properties of food packaging coatings or films, modified atmosphere packaging systems, active and intelligent antimicrobial packaging systems, food package testing, sensory properties of packaged foods, migration from packaging materials, food package interactions, shelf life of packaged food products, recycling of food packaging materials, microbial stability of food during storage, handling and transportation, sensory changes during food storage, shelf life and food safety, chemical, physical and microbial determinants for shelf life, shelf life simulation, and accelerated shelf life tests.

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Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers focused on the multidisciplinary profile of coumarins, highlighting natural sources, most recent synthetic pathways, along with the main biological applications and theoretical studies, were the main focus of this book. The huge and growing range of applications of coumarins described in this book is a demonstration of the potential of this family of compounds in Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and different sciences related to the study of natural products. This book includes 23 articles: 17 original papers and six review papers.

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This book focuses on how nanoscale systems can be used to deliver molecules to help with cancer management. It provides a broad overview of some of the key strategies for nanocarrier design. These strategies are brought together by the wide compositional variety of these systems and the diversity of molecules that may be carried. Additionally, functionalization strategies, codelivery, and combination with other treatment modalities highlight a very active research field.

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The continuous evolution of preventive and therapeutic strategies aims to enhance oral health outcomes. Novel approaches are being developed to prevent and treat prevalent oral diseases like dental caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer. Researchers are also exploring the potential of biomaterials in regenerative dentistry, such as promoting bone growth and repairing damaged oral tissues.The ongoing research and development in dental materials and biomaterials holds great promise for improving oral health outcomes. However, it is imperative to maintain a sustained focus on research to fully leverage their potential and effectively address the existing gaps in dental care.In the special issue titled "Dental Biomaterials: From Fundamental Principles to Clinical Applications," significant findings have emerged from a variety of sources, including in vitro experiments and clinical trials. These insights have deepened our understanding of oral disease biology, resulting in the development of innovative treatment approaches like targeted drug delivery systems and gene therapy. Clinical trials have also provided evidence on the effectiveness and safety of these new treatment options.Overall, these advancements in technology and treatment offer hope for enhanced management of oral diseases. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of continuous research and development in order to fully unlock the potential of these innovations and achieve significant progress in improving oral health outcomes.

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