This book deals with the nationalization of the bank sector in the context of the Portuguese revolutionary process of 1974-75. Based on a vast collection of documentary sources and inspired by a set of theoretical tools developed by Mario Tronti, Walter Benjamin and Michel Foucault, it starts with an inescapable interrogation: how could a measure that was not included in the Armed Forces Movement Program and had such considerable implications, both in the short and in the long term, obtained enough support to be included in the Constitution as an irreversible conquest of the working class? The response developed in the following pages establishes an articulation between social conflicts and political economy, identifying it as the centre of gravity of the process that would lead to the nationalization of the bank sector. In this sense, it analyzes the way in which social struggles contributed to a process of cumulative radicalization, initiated at the end of the Estado Novo and which would gain increasing intensity throughout the revolutionary process. At the same time, it seeks to understand why the diagnosis of the economic situation contributed to polarize the political struggle, by mapping the lines of force of a debate that underwent successive declinations and covered different aspects, such as inflation, labour laws or property relations. In a context of economic and revolutionary crisis, the banking sector became a critical point in the capital-labour relation: credit concession would take on decisive importance after 25 April, with labour-unions accusing bankers of pursuing destabilization strategies associated with the practice of "economic sabotage"; in the wake of its nationalization, in turn, government officials, managers and trade-unionists sought to put "the banks at the service of the people", in the context of a brief experience of "socialist transition" that would make its way into the text of the Constitution. The case of the bank sector is therefore a privileged interpretative-key to identify the set of problems and the horizon of possibilities that dominated the historical conjuncture following the 25th of April. This book is a contribution to the maturation of the historiographical field dedicated to the interpretation of the revolutionary process of 1975-75, establishing a critical dialogue with the works that have been produced on the subject over the last years.

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Zecker examines the multicultural civil-rights activism and union militancy of the International Workers Order and other left-leaning immigrant groups, investigating the program of such organizations regarding civil rights, unionizing, and workplace justice. It looks at what these organizations did that caused the U.S. government to prosecute them and how these groups sought to defend themselves and maintain a Popular Front coalition of progressives in the face of the rapidly developing call for Cold War conformity. The suppressions of dissent narrowed the degree of progress on economic justice and racial civil rights in America for decades to come, and the author argues that the story of the IWO’s demise has relevance for 21st century America's narrowed range of critiques of government policy and unequal racial and economic status quo.

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Zecker examines the multicultural civil-rights activism and union militancy of the International Workers Order and other left-leaning immigrant groups, investigating the program of such organizations regarding civil rights, unionizing, and workplace justice. It looks at what these organizations did that caused the U.S. government to prosecute them and how these groups sought to defend themselves and maintain a Popular Front coalition of progressives in the face of the rapidly developing call for Cold War conformity. The suppressions of dissent narrowed the degree of progress on economic justice and racial civil rights in America for decades to come, and the author argues that the story of the IWO’s demise has relevance for 21st century America's narrowed range of critiques of government policy and unequal racial and economic status quo.

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This book examines efforts by Indigenous Yaqui, Kickapoo, and Tohono O'odham people to maintain sovereignty and identity by utilizing the unique nature and sociopolitical dynamics of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2017: Front list Collection

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“Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” provides a fresh account of the International Working Men’s Association. Founded in London in 1864, the First International gathered trade unions, associations, co-operatives, and individual workers across Europe and the Americas. Readership: All interested in the worker’s history. Academic libraries would also be interested. Post-graduate and undergraduate students.

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Albert Hoffstädt, a classicist by training and polylingual humanist by disposition, has for 25 years been the editor chiefly responsible for the development and acquisition of manuscripts in Asian Studies for Brill. During that time he has shepherded over 700 books into print and has distinguished himself as a figure of exceptional discernment and insight in academic publishing. He has also become a personal friend to many of his authors. A subset of these authors here offers to him in tribute and gratitude 22 essays on various topics in Asian Studies. These include studies on premodern Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and Korean literature, history, and religion, extending also into the modern and contemporary periods. They display the broad range of Mr. Hoffstädt's interests while presenting some of the most outstanding scholarship in Asian Studies today. Readership: All interested in Asian humanities, premodern or modern.

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Die pommersche Kirche hatte sich stark für die Reformation ausgesprochen und beschleunigte die Prozesse der Konfessionsbildung. Maciej Ptaszyński stellt die damalige Pastoren-Generation vor.

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This edition collects instructions, police ordinances, decrees and related normative sources concerning the economic activities of landlords and subjects of the estates Feldsberg (today Valtice in the Czech Republic) and Wilfersdorf in the north-eastern corner of Lower Austria from the end of the sixteenth century up to 1815. All this sources illustrate the social, cultural and economic microcosm created and imagined by the authorities and show how the landlords tried to dominate and control their subjects with the help of their administrative apparatus and through regulations.

Instruktionen, Ordnungen und Dekrete der niederösterreichischen Herrschaftskomplexe Feldsberg (heute CZ) und Wilfersdorf der Familie Liechtenstein verdeutlichen exemplarisch, welche Lebensbereiche adelige Grundherren der österreichischen Länder zu regeln versuchten. Die Quellen bieten einen Einblick in das Zusammenspiel von Grundherren, Herrschaftsbeamten und Untertanen von 1600 bis 1815.

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The book is based on the research project „The Esterházy Landscape Garden in Eisenstadt“ funded by the Jubilee Fonds of the Austrian National Bank (no.5164) and was published with the aid of a printing subsidy granted by FWF.For the first time one of the outstanding historical gardens of Austria is presented in a comprehensive monography. The contributions cover a wide range of topics from aspects of cultural heritage preservation and the history of the shaping of the garden as well as the topochronological analysis of maps and plans by means of historical cartography to an in-depth study of plant history focussing on one of the most famous greenhouse plant collections of the first decades of the 19th century as well as on the varieties of trees and shrubs of the landscape garden itself. According to the outstanding importance of the greenhouses and their plant collections a specificfocus is laid upon the exploration of the building history and the species-specific analysis of the collections. A detailed inventory of the historical composition of open ground species of trees and shrubs of the landscape garden provides insight into the stages of the shaping of the garden from a botanical view. This inventory is contrasted with the actual situation in regard to ecological, vegetation-scientific and floristic aspects. The second edition of the book is extended by a study of theformerly landscaped area of the so-called Gloriette (Temple of Mary) which is located outside the garden but represents an integral part of the original concept of a designed landscape. The final chapter serves as a detailed guide to the connoisseur by describing an annotated walk through the garden enriched by a wealth of remarks of general historical, of literary and plant-historical as well as garden-historical background.

Die Ergebnisse des vom Jubiläumsfonds der Österreichischen Nationalbank mit der Nr. 5164 geförderten Forschungsprojektes "Der Esterhazy'sche Schloßpark Eisenstadt." wurden mit Hilfe eines Druckkostenzuschusses des FWF in Buchform publiziert.Erstmals in Österreich wird einer der großen und bedeutenden historischen Gärten dieses Landes umfassend dargestellt. Der Bogen des monographischen Werkes spannt sich über Betrachtungen aus Sicht der Gartendenkmalpflege und eine chronologische Geschichte der Entwicklungsstufen des Gartens über die Analyse der Gartenpläne und Karten auf Grundlage kartographiegeschichtlicher Forschungen bis hin zu einer umfassenden Betrachtung der Geschichte der Pflanzenbestände des Gartens. Der europaweit überragenden Bedeutung der Orangerie und ihrer Pflanzensammlungen in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 19.Jahrhunderts gemäß folgt eine Untersuchung der Baugeschichte der Treibhausanlagen und eine umfassende artenspezifische Analyse der Pflanzensammlungen. Eine exakte Beschreibung der historischen Freilandpflanzenbestände zeigt wichtige und interessante botanikgeschichtliche Aspekte der Genese des Gartens auf Die aktuelle ökologische, vegetationskundliche und floristische Situation wird im Spiegel dieser historischen Ausgangslage dargestellt. Das außerhalb des Gartens liegende, gleichwohl in Kommunikation mit diesem gestaltete Areal des Marientempels (Gloriette) wird in der erweiterten 2.Auflage des Buches in einem eigenen Beitrag vorgestellt. Ein faktenreicher Führer durch den Garten für kundige Gartenliebhaber/innen in Form eines durch gartenkünstlerische, botanische, historische und literarische Anmerkungen bereicherten Spazierganges rundet das Werk ab.

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Bucovina was an integral part of Habsburg Empire since 1775. Starting from a pure political construction on the European map of power at the end of 18th century this small area developed into a well integrated Austrian crown land. A crown land, which succeeded to form a certain regional identity – conform to the Habsburg state ideology. Till the outbreak of First World War national rivalries played a certain role for regional politics in the county but were moderate in general. Especially this situation was grounded in a direct liaison of this small province situated on the Eastern slopes of Carpathians with Vienna as imperial centre. A development which aimed towards steadily improving inner consolidation and balance in comparison with the other crown lands of the Empire. Only the outcome of the First World War, as Bucovina became part of the Romanian kingdom, loosing its geo strategic position as a bridge between East and West, showed in its consequences the former importance of this organic exchange with Vienna, shaping the provinces society and cultural landscape.The genesis of Bucovina region at the periphery of a European Empire from the end of 18th up to the beginning of 20th century as well as the structural persistence of the cultural landscape’s characteristics is centrally focussed in this study. The analyses of spatial processes as well as their genesis, shaped by a changing geopolitical situation, were of main interest for the research. Since the midst of 19th century a serious and existential national tension within the Bucovina was growing which could only partially be influenced by the province politics itself. A tension in between a search for a distinguished political position, the new idea of nation state and a overall-covering ideology of Commonness, a tension between growing regional identity, of beeing Bucovina and increasing national claims. The study tries to draw a knew, integral and less known picture of this variously shaped cultural landscape – apart from common nationalistic and segmented analyses.

Die Bukowina, seit 1775 zu den Ländern der Habsburgermonarchie gehörend, entwickelte sich ausgehend von einem politischen Konstrukt auf der Landkarte Europas im letzten Drittel des 18. Jh. hin zu einem durchaus selbstbewussten Kronland, dem es bis 1914 gelungen war, eine (staatskonforme) regionale Identität aufzubauen. Bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges spielten nationale Rivalitäten eine gewisse Rolle, waren in ihren Forderungen jedoch als moderat einzuschätzen. Besonders die direkte Abhängigkeit dieses kleinen Landstrichs am Ostabhang der Karpaten von Wien als Reichshauptstadt legte den wesentlichen Baustein zu dieser Entwicklung. Eine Entwicklung, die v. a. auf innere Konsolidierung und Angleichung an die übrigen Kronländer der Monarchie gerichtet war. Erst die Folgen des Ersten Weltkrieges mit der Angliederung der Bukowina an das Königreich Rumänien legten die tatsächliche Bedeutung dieses so mit dem Zentrum der Monarchie verflochtenen Kronlandes, das von seiner Brückenstellung profitiert hatte, offen. Das Werden der Region Bukowina an der Peripherie eines europäischen Großreiches vom ausgehenden 18. bis zum beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert und die strukturelle Persistenz kulturlandschaftlicher Charaktereigenschaften sind zentraler Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Der Brennpunkt liegt dabei in der Analyse raumwirksamer Gestaltungsprozesse sowie ihrer Genese – ausgelöst durch eine sich wandelnde geopolitische Situation. Spätestens seit der Mitte des 19. Jh. erwuchs für die Bukowina eine existentielle Spannung zwischen dessen eigener Positionsfindung, neuer Nationalstaatlichkeit und übergeordneter Ideologie des Gemeinsamen, dem Aufbau regionaler Identitäten, eigenständigem Landesbewusstsein und nationalen Forderungen. Die vorliegende Studie versucht insgesamt – abseits jener über weite Strecken des 20. Jh. bestimmenden Vorgaben national segmentierter Erkenntnisgerichtetheit – ein in der bisherigen Beschäftigung mit der Bukowina weniger bekanntes, auf eigenen Forschungen beruhendes Bild einer im Inneren vielgestaltigen Kulturlandschaft und ihre Genese zu zeichnen.

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The study examines Jorge Semprun´s literary reflections on his experiences made in the concentration camp of Buchenwald in "Le grand voyage" (1963), "Quel beau dimanche!" (1980), "L´écriture ou la vie" (1994) and "Le mort qu´il faut" (2001) with the aim to show the development in his retrospective treatment of the past. Therefore the texts are not considered as a unified "ecriture" but as a progressing approximation to his experiences in Buchenwald.The study deals in narratological and poetological terms with Semprun´s growing awareness of what Buchenwald means to him: While "Le grand voyage" is deeply influenced by the authors communistic view. "Quel beau dimanche!" reflects Sempruns disconcertion caused by his awareness of the parallel existence of concentration camps in Nazi-Germany and in the Soviet Union. "L´ecriture ou la vie" and "Le mort qu´il faut", for their part, are written by an author who considers himself as survivor and witness.This process is accompanied by Semprun´s shift to literature as a universe implying sense and creating identity. This becomes vitally important after his dissociation from communism and enables him to speak extensively about his experiences with death. Therefore Semprun´s conception of "witnessship" can be described as diametrically opposed to factual documentation. It is rather intended to function within a literary field: Only the intensive use of intertextuality allowes Semprun to comprehend Buchenwald finally as the centre of his life and as the origin of his own identity as well as to communicate his "truth" to the reader.

Die Studie untersucht Jorge Sempruns literarische Gestaltung seiner Erfahrungen des Konzentrationslagers Buchenwald in "Le grand voyage (1963), "Quel beau dimanche!" (1980), "L´ecriture ou la vie" (1994) und "Le mort qu´il faut (2001). Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Entwicklungslinien und Tendenzen in der retrospektiven Auseinandersetzung und literarischen Bearbeitung des persönlich Erlebten aufzuzeigen. Demzufolge werden die Texte nicht als einheitliches Sprechen, sondern als fortschreitende erzählerische Annäherung an den miterlebten Tod von Buchenwald betrachtet. Die narratologisch und poetologisch ausgerichtete Studie fokussiert den Bewusstwerdungsprozess, der in den Texten zum Ausdruck gelangt: Während "Le grand voyage" noch deutlich vom kommunistischen Weltbild des Autors geprägt ist, spiegelt sich in "Quel beau dimanche!" - geschrieben im Bewusstsein über die gleichzeitige Existenz nationalsozialistischer und stalinistischer Lager - die existentielle Verunsicherung Sempruns, wohingegen in "L´ecriture ou la vie" und "Le mort qu´il faut" die Selbstdefinierung als Überlebender und Zeuge dominiert.Paralell zu dieser Entwicklung vollzieht sich Sempruns Hinwendung zur Literatur als identitäts- und sinnstiftendem Universum, das, insbesondere nach der Lossage vom Kommunismus, verstärkt in den Vordergrund rückt und erst die umfassende Sagbarkeit der Erfahrung ermöglicht. Sempruns Konzeption von Zeugenschaft steht folglich in direkter Opposition zu einem dokumentarischen Bezeugen und bewegt sich stattdessen innerhalb eines genuin literarischen Feldes. Nur durch den intensiven Einsatz intertextueller Bezugnahmen gelingt es dem Autor, die Erfahrung von Buchenwald als Zentrum seines Lebens sowie als Ursprung seines Ichs zu begreifen und diese "Wahrheit" dem Leser mitzuteilen.

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Die Gründung der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen beruhte auf einem weitgehend neuen Konzept, das vom Geist der Aufklärung durchzogen auf Toleranz gründete und jeglichem Extremismus und Sekretierertum abhold war. Diesem Prinzip war auch die Medizinische Fakultät von Anfang an verpflichtet. Durch das von ihr vertretene Ausbildungsmodell des praktisch-klinischen Unterrichts am Krankenbett gelang es bereits in der Aufbauphase entscheidende Impulse zu setzen, die für die medizinische Ausbildung über Göttingen hinaus richtungsweisend wurden. Damit trug die Medizinische Fakultät wesentlich dazu bei, den internationalen Ruhm der Georgia-Augusta zu begründen. Der Abriss mit seiner vielschichtigen Realität vermittelt Einsichten in das Selbstverständnis, die Selbstwahrnehmung und die Selbstdarstellung der Medizinischen Fakultät in ihrer Geschichte.

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Rosa Schapire - emanzipierte Frau, leidenschaftliche Förderin expressionistischer Kunst, entwurzelt im Londoner Exil, aber Kämpferin bis zum Schluss. »Hätte ich im Mittelalter gelebt, ich wäre wohl eine Nonne oder Heilige geworden«, schrieb Rosa Schapire kurz vor ihrem Tod 1954. Um die Jahrhundertwende hatte sie sich gegen traditionelle Rollenbilder und für ein Leben als Intellektuelle entschieden. Als eine der ersten Frauen wurde sie im Fach Kunstgeschichte in Heidelberg promoviert, zog 1905 nach Hamburg und begeisterte sich dort für den gerade aufkommenden Expressionismus – besonders für die Künstlergruppe »Brücke« und Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, den sie später als Mäzenin unterstützte. Ihr Einsatz für die neue Kunstrichtung, die von den Nationalsozialisten als »entartet« verfemt wurde, machte sie – zumal als Jüdin – den Machthabern verdächtig. Der antisemitischen Verfolgung entging sie nur aufgrund ihrer Flucht nach London 1939. Während der Kriegsjahre baute sich Rosa Schapire dort eine neue, allerdings zeitlebens prekäre Existenz u. a. als Übersetzerin auf. Ihre Briefe aus den letzten Lebensjahren an Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, die hier erstmals umfänglich ausgewertet werden, zeigen eine exilierte Frau, die trotz Sorgen und Todessehnsucht, doch immer die Kraft fand, sich für die expressionistische Kunst einzusetzen.

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Poet, novelist, translator, scholar, and critical essayist extraordinaire, Ammiel Alcalay’s intrepid work has always moved across geographic, chronological, political, and linguistic borders. “FOLLOW THE PERSON”: Archival Encounters gathers a dizzying array of texts by Alcalay written over the past fifteen years, all of them having something to do with archival materials. In Alcalay’s case, however, these archives range from more traditional, institutionally-held materials and personal collections to the use of his own experiences and memories as sources for redrawing cultural maps that have too long been divided along sectarian lines of one kind or another. Moving from the Beats and the Black Arts Movement to the Middle East, “FOLLOW THE PERSON” recalibrates our sense of living history while offering new possibilities for encounters that have been relegated to oblivion or never even imagined. Culled from a variety of eclectic sources and contexts, encountering these essays together offers a completely different experience of Alcalay’s essays, one that argues for a methodology based on minutely recorded events and historical contexts, and for necessary human and cultural encounters that provide models for a new, reinvigorated critical vocabulary. As Miriam Nichols writes in her Introduction, “Follow the tenuous threads in this collection of writings and you may end up at the looted National Museum in Baghdad during the American invasion, or in the Hoover Institute at Stanford University where most Iraqi state archives wound up. You may find yourself at Bashcharshiya, the market in Sarajevo during the Bosnian war, or in Palestine, on May 14, 1948. Maybe, if you are keen, you will pick up the thread that leads to 17th-century colonial Massachusetts, or perhaps you will stay in New York, rummaging through garbage cans with Diane di Prima, looking for journals and letters tossed out by a lover.” Whichever path you take, you will find multiple worlds, all rendered by Alcalay with light and compassion.

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After World War I, membership in the League of Nations represented an important step for the British Dominions on the road to foreign policy independence. The internationalism of the League of Nations was not a purely political phenomenon, but also had a social dimension. In particular, the Geneva based Secretariat of the League of Nations evolved into a hub of liberal internationalism. Benjamin Auberer examines these networks by investigating the careers of five employees of the League of Nations from Australia and New Zealand and thus contributes to a global history of the League of Nations and its bureaucracy.

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Lange Zeit blieb Arnswalde im Zweiten Weltkrieg von militärischen Auseinandersetzungen verschont. Erst Anfang Februar 1945 belagerten sowjetische Truppen die Stadt. Tausende Bewohner konnten nicht mehr rechtzeitig fliehen und wurden in Arnswalde eingeschlossen. Zwei Wochen lang bangten sie um ihr Leben; bis die deutsche Wehrmacht sie schließlich vom Feind unbemerkt aus der Stadt schleusen konnte. In dieser Quellenedition kommen neben Autoritätspersonen vor allem einfache Bürger zu Wort; die eindrucksvoll von ihrer Flucht aus der eingeschlossenen Stadt berichten; von ihrer Rückkehr in die Heimat; ihrer späteren Vertreibung und von den Schwierigkeiten beim Neuanfang westlich der Oder in einer Gesellschaft; die sie nicht wollte. „Man bleibt eben immer ‚der Flüchtling‘; etwas bemitleidet; geduldet; manchem allein schon durch seinen Anblick lästig; da er nur zu sehr an die Vergänglichkeit irdischen Besitzes erinnert“; schrieb der Arnswalder Lehrer Werner Riepe 1946 an seine Lebensgefährtin. Seine Einschätzung scheint angesichts heutiger politischer und gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen immer noch erschreckend aktuell zu sein.

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Exiles, lost souls, remnants of a dying race ... The fate of the First Nations peoples of Van Diemens Land is one of the most infamous chapters in Australian history. The men, women and children exiled to Flinders Island in the 1830s and 40s have often been written about, but never allowed to speak for themselves. This book aims to change that. Documents penned by the exiles during their 15 years at the settlement Wybalenna offer a compelling counter-narrative to traditional representations of a hopeless, dispossessed, illiterate people's final days. The exiles did not see themselves as prisoners, but as a Free People. Seen through their own writing, the community at Wybalenna was vibrant, complex and evolving. Rather than a depressed people simply waiting for death, their own words reveal a politically astute community engaged in a 15 year campaign for their own freedom. This book tells a compelling story that will profoundly affect understandings of Tasmanian and Australian history.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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Exiles, lost souls, remnants of a dying race ... The fate of the First Nations peoples of Van Diemens Land is one of the most infamous chapters in Australian history. The men, women and children exiled to Flinders Island in the 1830s and 40s have often been written about, but never allowed to speak for themselves. This book aims to change that. Documents penned by the exiles during their 15 years at the settlement Wybalenna offer a compelling counter-narrative to traditional representations of a hopeless, dispossessed, illiterate people's final days. The exiles did not see themselves as prisoners, but as a Free People. Seen through their own writing, the community at Wybalenna was vibrant, complex and evolving. Rather than a depressed people simply waiting for death, their own words reveal a politically astute community engaged in a 15 year campaign for their own freedom. This book tells a compelling story that will profoundly affect understandings of Tasmanian and Australian history.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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Am Beispiel der gescheiterten Bemühungen, in Europa einen einheitlichen Farbfernsehstandard auszuhandeln, thematisiert diese interdisziplinär angelegte Studie die Komplexität internationaler Standardisierungsprozesse. Gleichzeitig leistet sie einen innovativen Beitrag zu einer politischen Kulturgeschichte der Technik. Technik wird als historisch gewachsene, sozial konstruierte und symbolisch aufgeladene Kulturleistung verstanden. Der historische Vergleich zwischen den beiden Hauptakteuren der Farbfernsehkontroverse Mitte der sechziger Jahre bietet einen erfrischenden Blick auf die Geschichte der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen im Kontext europäischer Technikentwicklung.

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"Ein Porträt Ernst Cassirers als akademischer Lehrer und Rektor der Hamburgischen Universität und als engagierter liberaler Demokrat. Von 1919 bis 1933 gehörte der Philosoph Ernst Cassirer zu den prägenden Persönlichkeiten an der gerade gegründeten Hamburgischen Universität und im Kulturleben der Hansestadt. Hier schuf er einige seiner wichtigsten philosophischen Werke. Zugleich gab er in diesen Jahren der jungen deutschen Demokratie Flankenschutz. Davon legen insbesondere seine berühmten Reden zur Feier der Weimarer Verfassung, in denen er den politischen Diskurs geistesgeschichtlich zu fundieren suchte, eindrücklich Zeugnis ab. Doch jenseits seiner Äußerungen mischte er sich auch in tagesaktuelle politische Geschehnisse und gesellschaftspolitische Kontroversen ein. Angesichts antisemitischer Ausgrenzung verließ er im März 1933 gemeinsam mit seiner Frau das nationalsozialistische Deutschland. Wenig später bat er die Hamburger Hochschulbehörde um Enthebung von seinen akademischen Ämtern und ging ins Exil, das ihn über Großbritannien und Schweden bis in die USA führte."

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The Neolithic Cemetery at Tell el-Kerkh is the second volume of the final reports on the excavations at Tell el-Kerkh, northwest Syria. The 12-year field campaigns at Tell el-Kerkh yielded several unexpected archaeological findings. The existence of the oldest cultural deposits from the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period (c. 8700-8300 BC) in northwestern Syria was revealed. The investigations also revealed that several large and complex societies had existed from the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to the middle Pottery Neolithic periods (c. 7600–6000 BC). One of the most conspicuous findings of the excavations at Tell el-Kerkh was the discovery of a Pottery Neolithic cemetery dating between c. 6400 and 6100 BC, which makes it one of the oldest outdoor communal cemeteries in West Asia. This book focuses specifically on this cemetery. It reports the discovery of over 240 burials and discusses the process of the formation and development of the cemetery. Initially used for traditional house burials in a corner of the settlement, the cemetery eventually became a graveyard that was physically separated from the residential buildings and consisted only of graves. In other words, burials that were deeply related to each house developed into an outdoor communal cemetery of the settlement. The Kerkh Neolithic cemetery was a precursor to the wider development of communal cemeteries in West Asia, and its investigation provides us with a deeper understanding of Neolithic society in West Asia.

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"The Plague Cemetery of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy, 1582-1583) presents a bioarchaeological analysis of the individuals exhumed from the cemetery of Alghero, which is associated with the plague outbreak that ravaged the city in 1582-1583. This cemetery revealed a particular burial typology, consisting of long and narrow trenches, each containing multiple inhumations, which attests to a catastrophic event, such as an epidemic with high mortality in a short period of time. Given the rarity of human remains from epidemic contexts buried in trenches, the skeletal sample from Alghero represents valuable material. In fact, no other Italian plague cemeteries have been examined through a detailed bioarchaeological analysis, and the study thus serves as a model for future research. The author examines a series of parameters, starting from the demographic profile of the sample –181 individuals from 15 trenches – and taphonomic analysis, and then analysing stature, dental pathologies, stress indicators, degenerative joint disease, entheseal changes and other pathologies. The study is intended to illuminate a cross section of 16th century Sardinian society in a coastal city through a holistic view, which interweaves the documentary evidence for plague, funerary responses and the health status of the population. The main objective is therefore to shed light on a population which lived during a period of plague, revealing lifestyles, activity patterns and illnesses and providing a significant contribution to the bioarchaeology, palaeopathology, and archaeology of the Italian territory."

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This fascinating book explores the pervasive influence of pacifism on Victorian feminism. Drawing on previously unused source material, it provides an account of Victorian women who campaigned for peace and the many feminists who incorporated pacifist ideas into their writing on women and women's work. It explores feminists' ideas about the role of women within the empire, their eligibility for citizenship and their ability to act as moral guardians in public life. Brown shows that such ideas made use - in varying ways - of gendered understandings of the role of force and the relevance of arbitration and other pacifist strategies. 'The truest for of patriotism' examines the work of a wide range of individuals and organisations, from well-known feminists such as Lydia Becker, Josephine Butler and Millicent Garrett Fawcett, to lesser-known figures such as the Quaker pacifists Ellen Robinson and Priscilla Peckover. Women's work within male-dominated organisations, such as the Peace Society and the International Arbitration and Peace Association, is covered alongside single-sex organisations, such as the International Council of Women. Also reviewed are the arguments put forward in feminist journals like the Englishwoman's Review and the Women's Penny Paper. Brown uncovers a wide range of pacifist, internationalist and anti-imperialist strands in Victorian feminist thought, focusing on how these ideas developed within the political and organisational context of the time. This book will be of interest to anyone studying nineteenth-century social movements, and essential reading for those with an interest in the history of British feminism.

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The documents edited by H. Şükrü Ilıcak in Those Infidel Greeks comprise the English translations of select documents from the Ayniyat Registers on the Greek War of Independence preserved in the Ottoman State Archives. The primary importance of these documents is that they are a clear testimony of the larger imperial context in which the Greek War of Independence evolved and proved successful. The mass of information they contain is immense and allows the reader to follow on an almost day-to-day basis how an empire tried to suppress a national uprising—the first of its kind in the early nineteenth century.. Readership: All interested in the history of the Ottoman Empire, modern Greece, nation-states established in former Ottoman territories; as well as in broader subjects, such as empire, nationalism, history of warfare.

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The present volume is the latest in a distinguished series, published under the auspices of the London Leo Baeck Institute, that addresses the issues of emancipation, assimilation and acculturation. It presents the work of an international group of scholars who approach these topics from a variety of innovative perspectives. The thread running through the diverse contributions, as indicated by the volume's title, is that of normality, clearly a close relation of emancipation and acculturation. Throughout the period from the Enlightenment to the 1930s, it can be argued that German-speaking Jews endeavoured to be like those around them, to become - in a (loaded) word - normal. While the term has not generally been employed by historians of European Jewry, the search for the normal can provide an interesting perspective from which to examine the diverse modes of German Jewish acculturation and integration, or lack thereof. Survey of contents: Peter Pulzer: Obituary for Werner E. Mosse - Rainer Liedtke / David Rechter: Introduction: German Jewry and the Search for Normality - Michael A. Meyer: German Jewry's Path to Normality and Assimilation: Complexities, Ironies, Paradoxes - Christhard Hoffmann: Constructing Jewish Modernity: Mendelssohn Jubilee Celebrations within German Jewry, 1829-1929 - Johannes Hei: "... durch Fluten und Scheiterhaufen": Persecution as a Topic in Jewish Historiography on the Way to Modernity - Christian Wiese: Struggling for Normality: The Apologetics of Wissenschaft des Judentums in Wilhelmine Germany as an Anti-colonial Intellectual Revolt against the Protestant Construction of Judaism - Deborah Hertz: The Troubling Dialectic Between Reform and Conversion in Biedermeier Berlin - Simone Lässig: The Emergence of a Middle-Class Religiosity: Social and Cultural Aspects of the German-Jewish Reform Movement During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century - Gregory A. Caplan: Germanising the Jewish Male: Military Masculinity as the Last Stage of Acculturation - Lisa Swartout: Segregation or Integration? Honour and Manliness in Jewish Duelling Fraternities - Ulrich Sieg: "Nothing more German than the German Jews"? On the Integration of a Minority in a Society at War - Elisabeth Albanis: A "West-östlicher Divan" from the Front: Moritz Goldstein Beyond the Kunstwart Debate - Keith H. Pickus: Divergent Paths of National Integration and Acculturation: Jewish and Catholic Educational Strategies in Nineteenth Century Hesse-Darmstadt - Robin Judd: Jewish Political Behaviour and the Schächtfrage, 1880-1914 - Silvia Cresti: German and Austrian Jews Concept of Culture, Nation and Volk - Helga Embacher: Jewish Identities and Acculturation in the Province of Salzburg in the Shadow of Antisemitism - Tobias Brinkmann: Exceptionalism and Normality: "German Jews" in the United States 1840-1880 - Mitchell B. Hart: Towards Abnormality: Assimilation and Degeneration in German-Jewish Social Thought

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Featuring a number of distinguished essays by internationally known Russian cultural historians Boris Uspenskij and Victor Zhivov, this collection encompasses various ground-breaking works appearing in English for the first time. Focusing on several of the most interesting and problematic aspects of Russia’s cultural development, these essays examine the survival and reconceptualization of Russia’s past in later systems, and some of the key transformations of Russian cultural consciousness. This volume contains important examples of cultural semiotics and indispensable contributions to the history of Russian civilization.

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Featuring a number of distinguished essays by internationally known Russian cultural historians Boris Uspenskij and Victor Zhivov, this collection encompasses various ground-breaking works appearing in English for the first time. Focusing on several of the most interesting and problematic aspects of Russia’s cultural development, these essays examine the survival and reconceptualization of Russia’s past in later systems, and some of the key transformations of Russian cultural consciousness. This volume contains important examples of cultural semiotics and indispensable contributions to the history of Russian civilization.

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Bisher liegen kaum Studien vor, welche die Geschichte einer einzelnen Stadt des ostslawischen Siedlungsgebietes über einen längeren Zeitraum untersuchen. Das Beispiel von Polock zeigt, wie sich ein bedeutender Fürstensitz der Rus’ im Kontakt mit Ostmitteleuropa vom 13. Jahrhundert an tief greifend verändert. Im Rahmen Polen-Litauens folgten auf die von Orthodoxen getragene Kommunegenese im Spätmittelalter konfliktreiche Konfessionsbildungsprozesse und die Entstehung orthodoxer sowie unierter Zünfte und Laienbruderschaften im 17. Jahrhundert. Die rechtliche Uneinheitlichkeit der Stadt ließ sie zur Zufluchtsstätte einer wachsenden jüdischen Gemeinde werden. Nach der Eingliederung ins Zarenreich 1772 wurden die Juden in die städtische Selbstverwaltung eingebunden, jedoch 1892 wieder aus ihr ausgeschlossen. Diese Exklusion konnte im Handlungsfeld des Vereinswesens der nun mehrheitlich jüdischen Stadt nur teilweise kompensiert werden.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Open Services

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Bisher liegen kaum Studien vor, welche die Geschichte einer einzelnen Stadt des ostslawischen Siedlungsgebietes über einen längeren Zeitraum untersuchen. Das Beispiel von Polock zeigt, wie sich ein bedeutender Fürstensitz der Rus’ im Kontakt mit Ostmitteleuropa vom 13. Jahrhundert an tief greifend verändert. Im Rahmen Polen-Litauens folgten auf die von Orthodoxen getragene Kommunegenese im Spätmittelalter konfliktreiche Konfessionsbildungsprozesse und die Entstehung orthodoxer sowie unierter Zünfte und Laienbruderschaften im 17. Jahrhundert. Die rechtliche Uneinheitlichkeit der Stadt ließ sie zur Zufluchtsstätte einer wachsenden jüdischen Gemeinde werden. Nach der Eingliederung ins Zarenreich 1772 wurden die Juden in die städtische Selbstverwaltung eingebunden, jedoch 1892 wieder aus ihr ausgeschlossen. Diese Exklusion konnte im Handlungsfeld des Vereinswesens der nun mehrheitlich jüdischen Stadt nur teilweise kompensiert werden.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Open Services

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Die erste eingehende Betrachtung der bedeutenden Vorträge an der Kulturwissenschaftlichen Bibliothek Warburg. Die Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek Warburg (KBW) wird seit vielen Jahren intensiv erforscht, das Werk Aby Warburgs in einer Studienausgabe herausgegeben. Das Interesse an seiner Bedeutung für die Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts reißt nicht ab. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass bislang Studien zu den an der KBW gehaltenen Vorträgen fehlten. Die von Fritz Saxl 1921 initiierten Abendvorträge spiegeln das intellektuelle Netzwerk der KBW und ihren wissenschaftlichen Anspruch wider und wurden bis 1931 in einer eigenen Reihe publiziert. Eingeladen waren wichtige Vertreter ihrer Fächer, die dennoch heute außerhalb ihrer jeweiligen Disziplinen oft in Vergessenheit geraten sind. In diesem Band werden die Vortragenden daher vorgestellt, bevor die Aufsätze sich auf das an der KBW referierte Thema konzentrieren. Gemeinsamer Bezugspunkt ist der erste in der Reihe der Vorträge, mit dem Saxl der Zuhörerschaft Warburgs Forschungsanliegen und -ansätze vorgestellt hatte. Wie nah ist der jeweilige Vortrag diesem Programm, wo setzt er sich davon ab, und welche der gedruckten Vorträge können als eine Erweiterung und Fortführung des Warburg`schen Ansatzes angesehen werden?

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The focus of this volume is on economic supply in Switzerland during the First World War. In the second half of the war, especially the shortage of food and energy became a question of national existence. The volume connects different historiographic approaches, combines them in a new way. and pays special attention to the protagonists involved.

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Nach 1989/90 erreichten das Brandenburgische Landeshauptarchiv verstärkt Anfragen zu politischen Leitungsträgern auf Kreis- und Stadtebene aus den Jahren 1945–1952. Ortschronisten und Gemeindeverwaltungen suchten Biografien im Zusammenhang mit der Benennung von Straßen, Plätzen oder Gebäuden. Wissenschaftler erforschten die Strukturen der ehemaligen Landesverwaltung und deren Leiter. Zusammenhängende Angaben dazu lagen jedoch bisher nicht vor. Neben Landräten, Oberbürgermeistern und ihren Stellvertretern stellt Torsten Hartisch auch das leitende Personal der Oberlandratsämter, der Hauptabteilungen, Abteilungen und Referate der Provinzialverwaltung bzw. der Landesregierung in rund 490 Kurzbiografien vor. Ergänzt wird der Band mit einer Aufstellung der Mitglieder der Kreisräte, der Stadträte der kreisfreien Städte, der Vorstände der Kreistage und der Stadtverordnetenversammlung (rund 2000 Personen im Personenindex). Eine Aufstellung der wichtigsten Verwaltungsstrukturen auf Landesebene hilft bei einem schnellen Einstieg und Überblick.

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Auf dem Weg in die Berufstätigkeit standen Frauen aus dem Bürgertum lange Zeit vor allem pädagogische Berufe offen und da die meisten als Mädchen eine fundierte musikalische Ausbildung erhielten, lag Musikpädagogik nahe. Als Musik- und Gesangsinstitut, Musikakademie oder Gesangs- und Opernschule sind in Adressbüchern, Werbeanzeigen und weiteren Quellen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts private Musikschulen omnipräsent, denn eine breite Nachfrage an Musikunterricht war - bis zum Siegeszug von Grammophon und Radio - stets vorhanden. In dieser gesellschaftlichen Ausgangslage eröffneten auch zahlreiche Frauen ihre eigenen Musikschulen, die mit Unterrichtsangebot und Konzerten ein fester Bestandteil des Musiklebens in Städten wie Leipzig, Dresden, Erfurt oder Halle waren. Zudem leisteten viele dieser Institutionen wichtige Beiträge bei der Professionalisierung von Musikpädagogik um die Jahrhundertwende. Dieses Buch trägt zur musikbezogenen Sozialgeschichte des Kaiserreichs neue gendersensible Einsichten bei: Neben berufs- und gesellschaftsgeschichtlichen Fragen zu den Musikschulleiterinnen und ihren Musikschulen steht auch die ökonomische Komponente von Musikkultur und Musikpädagogik im Fokus.

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Examining the social, medical and cultural history of male homosexuality in Spain, this book looks at it from the time homosexuality came to be an issue of medical, legal and cultural concern.Research into homosexuality in Spain is in its infancy. The last ten or fifteen years have seen a proliferation of studies on gender in Spain but much of this work has concentrated on women's history, literature and femininity. In contrast to existing research which concentrates on literature and literary figures, "Los Invisibles" focuses on the change in cultural representation of same-sex activity of through medicalisation, social and political anxieties about race and the late emergence of homosexual sub-cultures in the last quarter of the twentieth century. As such, this book constitutes an analysis of discourses and ideas from a social history and medical history position. Much of the research for the book was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust to research the medicalisation of homosexuality in Spain.

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This volume reassesses the life and work of Octavia Hill, housing reformer, open space campaigner, co-founder of the National Trust, founder of the Army Cadet Force, and the first woman to be invited to sit on a royal commission. In her lifetime she was widely regarded as an authority on a broad range of social problems. Yet despite her early pre-eminence, and the remarkable success of the institutions which she helped to found, Hill fell from public favour in the twentieth century. This book provides a nuanced portrait of Hill and her work in a broader context of social change, reflecting recent scholarship on nineteenth-century society in general, and on philanthropy and preservation, and women

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Mauerfall und Vereinigung scheinen nach zwanzig Jahren der Vergangenheit anzugehören. Beide Ereignisse haben die Bundesrepublik jedoch nicht nur vergrößert, sondern auch und vor allem tief greifend verändert. In diesem Sammelband untersuchen deutsche und französische Historiker, Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaftler sowie Soziologen, inwieweit die 'alte' Bundesrepublik sich in ein 'neues' Deutschland verwandelt hat. Die deutsch-französische Perspektive ermöglicht dabei überraschende Einsichten für die aktuelle gesellschaftliche und politische Standortbestimmung des vereinten Deutschlands sowie dessen Umgang mit seiner deutsch-deutschen Vergangenheit.

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Order, Order!': A Biographical Dictionary of Speakers, Deputy Speakers and Clerks of the Australian House of Representativesshines a first-ever historical light on the remarkable men and women who have served in these national offices since Federation. The Speakers include Frederick Holder, whose campaign to embed a Westminster-style Speakership died with him when he collapsed dramatically in the parliament; the much-loved Joan Child, Australia’s first female Speaker, whose struggles as a widow with five children fostered her commitment to social justice and made her, in the words of another Speaker, Anna Burke, ‘pretty fierce’; and Ian Sinclair, a warhorse of a parliamentarian who seemed to prove the poacher-turned-gamekeeper principle. The Deputy Speakers, a particularly eclectic assortment, include the strange and bleakly serious James Fowler, who once hopefully mailed a film synopsis to the American director Cecil B. DeMille and who ended his days warning of the perils of democracy. Amongst the Clerks are Frank Green, who, at the height of the Cold War, indiscreetly befriended members of the Communist Party, and the popular Jack Pettifer—a true child of parliament—who grew up in an apartment in the building. This book includes analysis of what sorts of individuals typically filled these vital parliamentary positions, and the appearance of an Australian model of the Speakership based on pragmatic compromise. All three offices are typically more than just creatures of political parties—something that Australians should be prepared to defend against the remorseless encroachment of political partisanship.

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'She said she was in the family way' examines the subject of pregnancy and infancy in Ireland from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. It draws on exciting and innovative research by early-career and established academics, and consider topics that have been largely ignored by historians in Ireland. The book will make an important contribution to Irish women

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Die Bedeutung des Körpers in der Kultur des Mittelalters ist in den letzten Jahren immer wieder ins Zentrum der Forschung gerückt — ebenso wie Fragen nach dem Einfluss von Wahrnehmungsmechanismen und -vorgängen auf die Literatur und Kunst dieser Zeit. Dass beide Forschungsgebiete eng zusammen gehören, wird bereits durch die antiken Rhetoriken, in denen der deformierten Körperlichkeit eine besondere wahrnehmungsstimulierende Funktion zugesprochen wird, gestützt. Auch das komplizierte und immer wieder kontrovers diskutierte Wechselverhältnis von ‚Innen‘ und ‚Außen‘, deutet darauf hin, dass insbesondere der deformierte Körper bestimmte Erwartungen bezüglich des zugehörigen Inneren weckt, zugleich aber auch bei einem Betrachter dieses deformierten Körpers sehr spezifische Wahrnehmungsvorgänge auslöst. Neben Körper und Wahrnehmung wird so ein Drittes sichtbar — das Andere, einmal verstanden als das Fremde, das in der Betrachtung und Reflexion der halbvertrauten Deformation aufscheint, einmal als das Ur-Eigene, die Seele selbst, als das Komplement der korrumpierten Hülle. Der Band (ebenso wie der Folgeband) vereint dabei nicht nur literaturwissenschaftliche und kunstgeschichtliche Beiträge, sondern schlägt zugleich die Brücke zur Medizingeschichte, zu den Dis/ability Studies u. ä., um so zu zeigen, dass nicht nur der künstlich-künstlerisch entworfene, sondern auch der ‚reale‘ deformierte Körper erst in seinem Verhältnis zu den Wahrnehmungstheorien seiner Zeit zu verstehen ist.

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In der Kultur des Mittelalters nehmen Körper in ihrer äußeren Zeichenhaftigkeit eine zentrale Stellung ein. Dies gilt insbesondere für deformierte Körper, die aufgrund ihrer auffälligen Andersartigkeit immer wieder Thema wahrnehmungstheoretischer Diskurse werden. Das zeigt sich in zweierlei Hinsicht: Zum einen wird bereits in zeitgenössischen Quellen diskutiert, wie die körperlichen Besonderheiten den inneren Imaginationsapparat der Betrachter stimulieren, zum anderen zeichnen sich körperlich Deformierte zumindest in Kunst und Literatur auffallend häufi g durch gesteigerte Wahrnehmungsfähigkeiten aus. Die körperliche Deformation markiert dabei Grenzüberschreitungen. Sie weist über die Dinge hinaus auf ‚das Andere‘ – gleich ob es sich dabei um ein kulturell Anderes handelt, oder um das ‚Andere‘ der Diesseitigkeit: das Transzendente und Göttliche. Obgleich man für das Hoch- und Spätmittelalter kein einheitliches Körperkonzept annehmen kann, ist auffällig, an wie vielen Schnittpunkten der deformierte Körper ins Zentrum der Wahrnehmung rückt. Diese Vielfalt spiegelt sich auch in den Perspektiven verschiedener Fachdisziplinen, wie z. B. Kunst- und Literaturwissenschaft, Medizingeschichte, Dis/ability Studies oder Theologie in diesem Band, die den Besonderheiten des deformierten Körpers in seinem Verhältnis zur Epistemologie und eben zum "Anderen" gezielt nachspüren.

In der Kultur des Mittelalters nehmen Körper in ihrer äußeren Zeichenhaftigkeit eine zentrale Stellung ein. Dies gilt insbesondere für deformierte Körper, die aufgrund ihrer auffälligen Andersartigkeit immer wieder Thema wahrnehmungstheoretischer Diskurse werden. Das zeigt sich in zweierlei Hinsicht: Zum einen wird bereits in zeitgenössischen Quellen diskutiert, wie die körperlichen Besonderheiten den inneren Imaginationsapparat der Betrachter stimulieren, zum anderen zeichnen sich körperlich Deformierte zumindest in Kunst und Literatur auffallend häufi g durch gesteigerte Wahrnehmungsfähigkeiten aus. Die körperliche Deformation markiert dabei Grenzüberschreitungen. Sie weist über die Dinge hinaus auf ‚das Andere‘ – gleich ob es sich dabei um ein kulturell Anderes handelt, oder um das ‚Andere‘ der Diesseitigkeit: das Transzendente und Göttliche. Obgleich man für das Hoch- und Spätmittelalter kein einheitliches Körperkonzept annehmen kann, ist auffällig, an wie vielen Schnittpunkten der deformierte Körper ins Zentrum der Wahrnehmung rückt. Diese Vielfalt spiegelt sich auch in den Perspektiven verschiedener Fachdisziplinen, wie z. B. Kunst- und Literaturwissenschaft, Medizingeschichte, Dis/ability Studies oder Theologie in diesem Band, die den Besonderheiten des deformierten Körpers in seinem Verhältnis zur Epistemologie und eben zum "Anderen" gezielt nachspüren.

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The ideology of purity-of-blood (limpieza de sangre) divided early modern Iberian society into two different classes: Old Christians and New Christians. New Christians, i.e. Conversos (converted Jews) and Moriscos (converted Muslims), but also their offspring, were thought to be inferior Christians and always tending towards apostasy. At the turn of the 17th century an increased interest in bodily markers to proof the presumed inferiority of the so-called New Christians can be observed. The book focusses on the question how the apologists of the purity-of-blood statutes used the idea of inherited bodily markers to promote a genealogical racism in early modern Iberia. German Version: https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:1377

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Which everyday practices allowed women to sustain and fulfill individuality and agency under dictatorial rule? This book adds to a rich scholarship on the history of late Francoism and the transition to democracy in Modern Spain through the lens of oral history and life writing. Aurora Morcillo tells the stories of anonymous individuals from both student and working class backgrounds - crucial sites of active resistance against the dictatorship at the time - and provides an interdisciplinary feminist analysis of the inevitable modernization of Spain in the 1960s and 1970s. This study uncovers a Deleuzian rendition of historical unfolding/becoming rather than simply being a collection of oral histories: a historical narration which proposes to be a creative historical ontology.

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"The Puerto Rican debt crisis, the challenges of social, political, and economic transition in Cuba, and the populist politics of Duterte in the Philippines—these topics are typically seen as disparate experiences of social reality. Though these island territories were colonized by the same two colonial powers—by the Spanish Empire and, after 1898, by the United States—research in the fields of history and the social sciences rarely draws links between these three contexts. Located at the intersection of Postcolonial Studies, Latin American Studies, Caribbean Studies, and History, this interdisciplinary volume brings together scholars from the US, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Philippines to examine the colonial legacies of the three island nations of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Instead of focusing on the legacies of US colonialism, the continuing legacies of Spanish colonialism are put center-stage. The analyses offered in the volume yield new and surprising insights into the study of colonial and postcolonial constellations that are of interest not only for experts, but also for readers interested in the social, political, economic, and cultural dynamics of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines during Spanish colonization and in the present. The empirical material profits from a rigorous and systematic analytical framework and is thus easily accessible for students, researchers, and the interested public alike."

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Scholars have recently begun to study collections of Byzantine historical excerpts as autonomous pieces of literature. This book focuses on a series of minor collections that have received little or no scholarly attention, including the Epitome of the Seventh Century, the Excerpta Anonymi (tenth century), the Excerpta Salmasiana (eighth to eleventh centuries), and the Excerpta Planudea (thirteenth century). Three aspects of these texts are analysed in detail: their method of redaction, their literary structure, and their cultural and political function. Combining codicological, literary, and political analyses, this study contributes to a better understanding of the intertwining of knowledge and power, and suggests that these collections of historical excerpts should be seen as a Byzantine way of rewriting history.

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Media depictions of Arabs and Muslims continue to be framed by images of camels, belly dancers, and dagger-wearing terrorists. But do only Hollywood movies and TV news have the power to frame public discourse? This interdisciplinary study transfers media framing theory to literary studies to show how life writing (re-)frames Orientalist stereotypes. The innovative analysis of the post-9/11 autobiographies 'West of Kabul, East of New York', 'Letters from Cairo', and 'Howling in Mesopotamia' makes a powerful claim to approach literature based on a theory of production and reception, thus enhancing the multi-disciplinary potential of framing theory.

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Media depictions of Arabs and Muslims continue to be framed by images of camels, belly dancers, and dagger-wearing terrorists. But do only Hollywood movies and TV news have the power to frame public discourse? This interdisciplinary study transfers media framing theory to literary studies to show how life writing (re-)frames Orientalist stereotypes. The innovative analysis of the post-9/11 autobiographies 'West of Kabul, East of New York', 'Letters from Cairo', and 'Howling in Mesopotamia' makes a powerful claim to approach literature based on a theory of production and reception, thus enhancing the multi-disciplinary potential of framing theory.

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This volume examines the making of new edition prints in the early modern north Alpine region and argues that it was a complex aesthetic strategy of creative appropriation.

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(Trans)missions: Monasteries as Sites of Cultural Transfers focuses on the Catholic tradition of consecrated life (vita religiosa) from the High Middle Ages to the present. It gathers papers by authors from various disciplinary backgrounds, in particular art history, history, anthropology and translation studies. Finally, it includes two short reports on Czech projects on monastic topics. The chronological and geographical scope of the book is focused on the Western tradition from the High Middle Ages up to the present, specifically in the territory of Central Europe and Spain along with its overseas colonies. The region of Central Europe was interconnected with the Spanish Empire through the Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs, allowing the given topic to be studied in a broader international context, and to involve the Central European and Spanish territories in the global flow of information, thus incorporating the regional and national histories of individual European countries into global history. This involvement is also enabled by the study of interconnecting themes, such as cultural transfers within and between the Old and the New World, information flows between the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs, the processes of individual and social identity formation, representation and othering of women, and the missionary activities of mendicant orders in the New World, together with their translation practices; and by the contextualization of monastic history and related themes within the processes of European internal and external colonization and evangelization.

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Though Graeco-Roman antiquity (‘classics’) has often been considered the handmaid of colonialism, its various forms have nonetheless endured through many of the continent’s decolonising transitions. Southern Africa is no exception. This book canvasses the variety of forms classics has taken in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and especially South Africa, and even the dynamics of transformation itself. How does (u)Mzantsi classics (of southern Africa) look in an era of profound change, whether violent or otherwise? What are its future prospects? Contributors focus on pedagogies, historical consciousness, the creative arts and popular culture. The volume, in its overall shape, responds to the idea of dialogue – in both the Greek form associated with Plato’s rendition of Socrates’ wisdom and in the African concept of ubuntu. Here are dialogues between scholars, both emerging and established, as well as students – some of whom were directly impacted by the Fallist protests of the late 20-teens. Rather than offering an apologia for classics, these dialogues engage with pressing questions of relevance, identity, change, the canon, and the dynamics of decolonisation and potential recolonisation. The goal is to interrogate classics – the ways it has been taught, studied, perceived, transformed and even lived – from many points of view.

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When Austria was annexed by Hitler Germany in March 1938, the National Library in Vienna was not only the biggest scientific library in the country, it was now the third largest in the German Reich. Its status among and influence on the scholarly libraries in the Reich was considerably enhanced by one person during the Nazi period, namely the newly-appointed director-general Dr. Paul Heigl, a fervent National socialist, Acquisitions by the Library during the years 1938 to 1945 are a key focal point of this history, and Heigl played both an active and significant role in the process of book looting in the interest of the National Library.The Library may well have regarded itself in the inter-war years as being „apolitical“ – and house historians have tended to reinforce this image – but this does not stand up to closer scrutiny even during the political period of the „Corporate State“ und Dollfuss and Schuschnigg, let alone during the time of national socialist rule in Austria. The study breaks with the previos taboos and presents the essentially political role of the Library both before and after March 1938 by investigating its involvement in the crimes of the Nazi regime. But the study does not only concentrate on acquisitions made through improper means, it also attempts to capture some of the atmosphere of a major library under the NS-regime and in war-time.The examination also sees itself as a contribution to the hitherto neglected history of libraries in Austria in the Nazi period in general and of church and official libraries in particular. It might be noted that Paul Heigl was not only in charge of scholary libraries in south-eastern Europe following the German invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was also a library consultant for local Nazi officials and had considerable sway in forging library policy. Our study discusses a number of chapters in the Library ´s history during the Nazi period which have so far been absent from official histories, primarily those which implicate the Library and point to the vast and varied acquisitions. The main chapter focusses on the development and acquisitions of the Library´s many collections from 1938 o 1945, chiefly on the basis of library records and files, and attempts to describe not only the looting, but also fate of stolen books, libraries and collections immediately after World War Two and on up to the present day. And, as the case may be, their subsequent restitution over the past few years as a consequence of the Art Restitution Law of 1998. Name and subject indices are intended to make the information in thistory more easily accessible.

Die Nationalbibliothek in Wien war zum Zeitpunkt des "Anschlusses" Österreichs an das Deutsche Reich im März 1938 nicht die größte wissenschaftliche Bibliothek im Lande, sondern nunmehr die drittgrößte im Deutschen Reich. Ihre Stellung bzw. Ihr Einfluss als Institution in der Bibliothekslandschaft wurde durch die Person des neuen Generaldirektors Dr. Paul Heigl noch verstärkt. Erwerbungen der Nationalbibliothek in den Jahren 1938 bis 1945 aus unterschiedlicher Provenienz und unter unterschiedlichsten Umständen sind ein Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Geschichte, durch die sich die Person und die Tätigkeit Heigls wie ein roter Faden zieht. Es ist nämlich nicht schwierig, dessen persönliche Einflussnahme bei Enteignungen, die die Geschichte der Bibliothek in der NS-Zeit prägten, nachzuweisen.Nach ihrem Selbstbild mag die Nationalbibliothek stets "unpolitisch" gewesen sein, doch darf man nicht übersehen bzw. unterschätzen, dass sie im Zeitraum, der hier behandelt wird, drei verschiedenen Staatsformen diente. Da die Wirklichkeit von diesem Selbstbildnis so starkt abweicht, werden die bisherigen Selbstdarstellungen von Seiten der Bibliothek nicht nur Schlusswort stark in Zweifel gezogen, sondern im Laufe der Arbeit kontinuierlich hinterfragt. Die politische Instrumentalisierung der NB zeigt sich spätestens in der Zeit des Ständestaats in den 30er Jahren. Die vorliegende Arbeit räumt mit der Tabuisierung der eigenen Geschichte der Nationalbibliothek bzw. dem Verschweigen der Verstrickung in NS-Verbrechen in offiziellen Publikationen seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs auf und schildert die aktive Rolle, die die Bibliothek bei Erwerbungen spielte. Diese Geschichte will nicht nur auf unrechtmäßige Erwerbungen fokussieren, sondern auch den Versuch unternehmen, den Alltag in der Bibliothek in der NS-Zeit einzufangen.Diese Geschichte versteht sich auch als Beitrag zur eher stiefmütterlich behandelten Geschichte des Bibliothekswesens ganz allgemein in Österreich in den Jahren 1938 bis 1945. In einer seiner vielen Funktionen war Paul Heigl nämlich bei der Auflösung von Amts- und Stiftsbibliotheken als Berater tätig, und somit wird das Schicksal dieser Büchereien erstmals ausführlich beleuchtet. Nicht unwesentlich für die Geschichte der NB ist beispielsweise auch noch, dass Paul Heigl - nach dem Überfall auf Belgrad - für die wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Südosteuropa offiziell zuständig wurde. Auch diese Funktion nützte die NB, insofern als sie zu neuen Bücherzuwächsen führte. Im umfangmäßig gesehenen Hauptkapitel (Die Sammlungen der NB) wird anhand von Archivunterlagen, die primär aus der Nationalbibliothek selber stammen, in Form von Falldarstellungen auf die einzelnen geraubten Bücherbestände ausführlich eingegangen. Somit sind die Bemühungen der Nationalbibliothek - sowohl in den Nachkriegsjahren als auch in jüngster Zeit - um das Ausfindigmachen von geraubten Büchern in den eigenen Bibliotheksbeständen und die Zuordnung zu Vorbesitzern ebenfalls ein wesenlicher Aspekt dieser Darstellung.Die Arbeit wird durch zwei Register -ein Namen- und ein Sachregister - erschlossen.

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Within the scope of the events of the 2019 Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Year, under the auspices of our Presidency and with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, in partnership with Istanbul University, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University, and the Fuat Sezgin Islamic Science History Research Foundation, we had the honor of hosting the first International Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Symposium of Islamic History of Science on 13-15 June at Istanbul University. Our late Professor Fuat Sezgin, who questioned and evaluated the role of Islamic civilization in the development of sciences with a scientific attitude instead of taking a reactionary defensive stance against the views that limit the role of Islamic civilization in its contribution to inter-civilizational transfer only in certain historical periods, earned an unforgettable place in the history of Islamic science while he was still alive with the dozens of works he published with his commentary, hundreds of volumes of books he uncovered, nearly a thousand scientific tools he unearthed, the scientific institutions he pioneered, and the scientists he inspired. By remembering our late Professor Fuat Sezgin, who, despite all the obstacles and difficulties he faced, faithfully and patiently devoted his entire life to showing the place of the sciences developed in the Islamic world in the international history of science, and especially to objectively revealing the role of Islamic sciences in the development of the history of Western science, we hope to be able to make a modest contribution in terms of passing his scientific legacy on to future generations. The symposium we held to honor the legacy of Fuat Sezgin by remembering the works he carried out during his lifetime and to express our gratitude to him was attended by nearly 100 worthy academicians in the field of the history of science from 21 different countries, and this legacy left behind by our late Professor was honored with a total of 79 papers presented over three days. Prepared as a tangible fruit of the symposium and a permanent expression of our gratitude to our late Professor, this proceedings book has been created with the contributions of the esteemed academicians who participated in the symposium. It consists of an introduction section of three articles written on the life and works of our late Professor, and 38 articles in English, Arabic, and Turkish categorized under the titles of Fuat Sezgin’s Contributions to the History of Science, Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Geography, Natural Sciences, and Islamic Studies. Hoping that this proceedings book we have published will have an important place in the history of Islamic Science literature and make a significant contribution to the field with the belief that it will open the horizons of young researchers, we are grateful to have the opportunity to thank the individuals and institutions for their support in organizing this important event and the preparation of this proceedings book. We would like to express our gratitude to the Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Islamic Science History Research Foundation (IBTAV) Board of Trustees Member N. Bilal Erdoğan, IBTAV Founding President Ethem Sancak, IBTAV Board Chairman Mecit Çetinkaya, former Deputy Minister of Culture and Tourism and Zeytinburnu Mayor Ömer Arısoy, the General Director of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation Ibrahim Eren, the Founding Rector of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University Prof. Dr. Musa Duman, and the Rector of Kırıkkale University Prof. Dr. Ersan Aslan who was the Coordinator of the 2019 Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Year, and in particular to the honorary board members of our symposium, Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin’s esteemed spouse Dr. Ursula Sezgin and their daughter Journalist and Writer Hilâl Sezgin for their participation and support. We would like to thank the Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin Islamic Science History Research Foundation, the Ministry of Culture, Turkish Airlines, Fatih Municipality, and Üsküdar Municipality for providing financial support to our symposium. The Science and Regulation Board and our Secretariat successfully carried out the process of organizing our symposium and the publication of our book. We would like to especially thank the scientists working in the field of Islamic science history from many countries around the world who contributed to our Symposium with their papers. History of Islamic science studies include a wide range of disciplines from mathematics, astronomy, medicine and other natural sciences to philosophy and social sciences. The goal and vision of our late Professor Fuat Sezgin, who took a holistic approach to all these sciences mentioned, shows us that there are many more studies to be done in this field. The ideas and works left behind by our Professor will be a guide for many scientific studies with research that will be carried out in the coming years.

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This book takes a single line of code--the extremely concise BASIC program for the Commodore 64 inscribed in the title--and uses it as a lens through which to consider the phenomenon of creative computing and the way computer programs exist in culture. The authors of this collaboratively written book treat code not as merely functional but as a text--in the case of 10 PRINT, a text that appeared in many different printed sources--that yields a story about its making, its purpose, its assumptions, and more. They consider randomness and regularity in computing and art, the maze in culture, the popular BASIC programming language, and the highly influential Commodore 64 computer.

Purchase options at 10print.org support The Electronic Literature Organization and The MIT Press.

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Die Georgia Augusta feierte im September 1837 mit einem ganz Göttingen zur Bühne machenden Fest ihr Hundertjahrjubiläum. Die Feierlichkeiten dauerten drei Tage und waren glanzvoll. Um für eine breitere zeitgenössische Öffentlichkeit die Jubiläumsaktivitäten zu dokumentieren und um den „Festmarathon“ als einen der Höhepunkte der Universitätsgeschichte für die Nachwelt festzuhalten, erschienen 1838 bei drei deutschen Verlegern in drei deutschen Städten drei Festbeschreibungen. Zwei davon halten für den Leser Überraschungen bereit: Eduard Beurmanns Prosabericht ist in höchstem Maße kritisch, ja zum Teil sogar sarkastisch, Christianus Juvenalis hat sich für eine hexametrische Satire (!) als „Geburtstagsgeschenk“ entschieden, nur Friedrich Wilhelm Rettbergs Schilderung liegt auf der offiziellen (d.h. enkomiastischen) Linie. Das vorliegende Bändchen bietet eine vergleichende Interpretation dieser drei kulturgeschichtlich und wissenschaftspolitisch aufschlussreichen Texte, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Satire liegt, die in faksimilierter Form hier erstmals einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht wird.

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This Special Issue of the journal Axioms collects submissions in which the authors report their perceptions and results in the field of mathematical physics and/or physical mathematics without any preconditions of the specific research topic. The papers are intended to provide the reader with a broad window into the status of the research field showing our understanding of how a known concept changes our thinking in that area of science. The papers in the Special Issue highlight the current two issues in physics and mathematics under hot debate: fractional calculus and entropy.

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<P>Die Südosteuropa-Studien werden von der in München ansässigen Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, der wichtigsten Wissenschaftsorganisation der Südosteuropa-Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum, herausgegeben. Sie dienen der vertieften und interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Darstellung wichtiger Themen aus der Südosteuropa-Forschung. Auch Fragen zur aktuellen politischen und sozio-ökonomischen Entwicklung in der Region Südosteuropa werden aufgegriffen. Herausgeber der Einzelbände sind renommierte Repräsentanten der deutschen und internationalen Südosteuropa-Forschung.</P>

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"A harrowing memoir about one of the darkest periods in American historyBorn a free man in New York, Solomon Northup was abducted in Washington, D.C., in 1841 and spent the next twelve years of his life in captivity as a slave on a Louisiana cotton plantation. After his rescue, he published this exceptionally vivid and detailed account of slave life--perhaps the best written of all the slave narratives. It became an immediate bestseller and today is recognized for its unusual insight and eloquence as one of the very few portraits of American slavery produced by someone as educated as Solomon Northup, or by someone with the dual perspective of having been both a free man and a slave"-- "Born a free man in New York State in 1808, Solomon Northup was kidnapped in Washington, D.C., in 1841. He spent the next twelve harrowing years of his life as a slave on a Louisiana cotton plantation. During this time he was frequently abused and often afraid for his life. After regaining his freedom in 1853, Northup decided to publish this gripping autobiographical account of his captivity. As an educated man, Northup was able to present an exceptionally detailed and accurate description of slave life and plantation society. Indeed, this book is probably the fullest, most realistic picture of the "peculiar institution" during the three decades before the Civil War. Moreover, Northup tells his story both from the viewpoint of an outsider, who had experienced thirty years of freedom and dignity in the United States before his capture, and as a slave, reduced to total bondage and submission. Very few personal accounts of American slavery were written by slaves with a similar history. Published in 1853, Northup's book found a ready audience and almost immediately became a bestseller. Aside from its vivid depiction of the detention, transportation, and sale of slaves, TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE is admired for its classic accounts of cotton and sugar production, its uncannily precise recall of people, times, and places, and the compelling details that recreate the daily routine of slaves in the Gulf South"--

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En esta obra el autor transmite trece conclusiones sobre la guerra de independencia de Cuba

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