This is a reprint of the MDPI IJERPH Special Issue entitled "COVID-19 and Environment: Impacts of a Global Pandemic". The reprint consists of 17 papers with different topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental impacts using data from different countries all over the globe.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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"The Global Impact of Ergot Alkaloids" addresses the very broad topic of ergot alkaloids and the influence that they have on many facets of life. The content in this Special Issue pertains to research studying fungi, plants, livestock, and humans. While the perspectives of each paper may differ, the common aspect is the interest and emphasis on ergot alkaloids. These compounds cross the spectrum from feared toxins to potential pharmaceutical discoveries. The research included spans the globe and has content that will attract the interest of readers from many different backgrounds.

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History is the basis for our interpretation of humanity’s past. Indeed, new developments in digital humanities and the digitalization of archives can place historical sources in a new light. Systematized historical sources allow us to see the practical changes that have occurred over centuries of ethnobotany and analyze (although sometimes solely hypothesize on) the causes of such changes. Studying history helps us to understand the influences on the evolution of local ecological knowledge regarding plant use. In ethnobotany, numerous understudied historical sources are awaiting modern interpretations. Old uses enhanced by the new possibilities offered by technology can enrich our everyday lives. Yet, understanding historical sources, especially in ethnobotany, where several disciplines are involved, is not univocal. Mistakes introduced by misidentified plants or information misinterpreted from old languages can have negative, long-term consequences. This Special Issue provides examples of the critical analyses of various historical sources and insights into ongoing historical and diachronic studies on plant use. This reprint is intended for a broad interdisciplinary audience interested in historical ethnobotany, history of plant studies, and human culture.

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Terrestrial and marine environments are inexhaustible sources of compounds and active extracts which have been employed in medicine since ancient times. The aim of this reprint is to collect new approaches around compounds and extracts isolated from natural products and their biological activity, with a focus on anti-inflammatory pathways. Thus, this reprint compiles full original papers and reviews articles published during 2023 in a Special Issue of Life, titled “Inflammation and Natural products”. The publications within this reprint are focused on secondary metabolites of plants demonstrating significant antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, among others, and clinical relevance in various pathological conditions. It also includes reviews that focus on natural therapies for topics such as arthritis, lung diseases, neuroprotection, skin photoprotection, and the impact of gender in the use of medicinal plants in relation to vascular diseases. The reprint of this Special Issue will serve as a reference text for researchers and academics, as well as those studying natural products and their pharmacological activities.

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The book entitled Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research describes various aspects of ethnopharmacological uses of medicinal plants; extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants; various aspects of biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activity, etc., as well as characterization of plant secondary metabolites as active substances from medicinal plants.

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Nature has long been recognised as a crucial source for developing pharmaceutical agents, with many modern drug discoveries originating from naturally occurring substances. Over two-thirds of all anticancer drugs today are derived directly from unaltered natural compounds or are inspired by natural product pharmacophores. Natural products derived from plants, marine organisms, fungi, and other sources often exhibit diverse biological activities that are essential to drug discovery and development. This Reprint is a collection of articles showcasing current research and comprehensive reviews that explore natural compounds from diverse biological sources, including 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate derived from plants in the ginger family, a natural flavonoid isolated from the calyces and flowers of Roselle, a dichloromethane extract from Salvia guevarae plants of South America, and many more. Sustainability and circular use of resources are also emerging themes in natural product research, with articles in this Reprint showcasing promising pharmaceutical candidates from bio-waste. Beyond conventional plant-based sources, novel natural sources derived from bacteria and organic gemstones were also explored for their pharmaceutical activities. Collectively, these works demonstrate the growing integration of sustainability, innovation, and multidisciplinary approaches in natural product research.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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This reprint describes the ability of some foods or natural substances extracted by plants to counteract some of the most common diseases at present, such as obesity, diabetes, intestinal inflammatory diseases, and neurodegeneration. It is well accepted that high-fat diets that are rich in saturated fats are involved in the onset and progression of obesity and its dangerous comorbidities. It is also well accepted that a balanced diet is useful to maintain a good health status and the choice of certain foods could help to counteract the onset of chronic diseases. Foods and natural substances rich in compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties should be paid attention. Most of these foods belong to the Mediterranean Diet, and they are famous for being rich of unsaturated fatty acids, such as the oleic acid found in extra-virgin olive oil, or the omega 3 contained in fish, vitamin D and vitamin C with their high anti-oxidant capacity, and spices and nuts that can counteract inflammatory status. These substances have also anti-obesity properties, because they are able to reduce fat mass and and restore the physiological role of fat tissue. Therefore, strict adherence to this healthy diet could be enough to prevent the onset of chronic diseases linked to fatty diets or aging. The scientific data collected in this reprint could provide new insights, allowing for readers to change their own dietary habits and make more informed food choices.

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Plants have served mankind as an important source of foods and medicines. While we all consume plants and their products for nutritional support, a majority of the world population also rely on botanical remedies to meet their health needs, either as their own “traditional medicine” or as “complementary and alternative medicine”. From a pharmaceutical point of view, many compounds obtained from plant sources have long been known to possess bio/pharmacological activities, and historically, plants have yielded many important drugs for human use, from morphine discovered in the early nineteenth century to the more recent paclitaxel and artemisinin. Today, we are witnessing a global resurgence in interest and use of plant-based therapies and botanical products, and natural products remain an important and viable source of lead compounds in many drug discovery programs.This Special Issue on “Plant Natural Products for Human Health” compiles a series of scientific reports to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of plant natural products. It covers a range of disease targets, such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, bacterial, and fungus infection and malarial. These papers provide important insights into the current state of research on drug discovery and new techniques. It is hoped that this Special Issue will serve as a timely reference for researchers and scholars who are interested in the discovery of potentially useful molecules from plant sources for health-related applications.

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