Energy markets are already undergoing considerable transitions to accommodate new (renewable) energy forms, new (decentral) energy players, and new system requirements, e.g. flexibility and resilience. Traditional energy markets for fossil fuels are therefore under pressure, while not-yet-mature (renewable) energy markets are emerging. As a consequence, investments in large-scale and capital intensive (traditional) energy production projects are surrounded by high uncertainty, and are difficult to hedge by private entities. Traditional energy production companies are transforming into energy service suppliers and companies aggregating numerous potential market players are emerging, while regulation and system management are playing an increasing role. To address these increasing uncertainties and complexities, economic analysis, forecasting, modeling and investment assessment require fresh approaches and views. Novel research is thus required to simulate multiple actor interplays and idiosyncratic behavior. The required approaches cannot deal only with energy supply, but need to include active demand and cover systemic aspects. Energy market transitions challenge policy-making. Market coordination failure, the removal of barriers hindering restructuring and the combination of market signals with command-and-control policy measures are some of the new aims of policies.The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research papers that address the above issues using novel methods from any adequate perspective, including economic analysis, modeling of systems, behavioral forecasting, and policy assessment.The issue will include, but is not be limited to: Local control schemes and algorithms for distributed generation systems; Centralized and decentralized sustainable energy management strategies; Communication architectures, protocols and properties of practical applications; Topologies of distributed generation systems improving flexibility, efficiency and power quality; Practical issues in the control design and implementation of distributed generation systems; Energy transition studies for optimized pathway options aiming for high levels of sustainability

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Modern cities are facing the challenge of combining competitiveness at the global city scale and sustainable urban development to become smart cities. A smart city is a high-tech, intensive and advanced city that connects people, information, and city elements using new technologies in order to create a sustainable, greener city; competitive and innovative commerce; and an increased quality of life. This Special Issue collects the recent advancements in smart cities and covers different topics and aspects.

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This book is aimed at serving researchers, engineers, scientists, and engineering graduate and PhD students of engineering and physical science together with individuals interested in engineering and science. This book focuses on the application of engineering methods to complex systems including transportation, building, and manufacturing, with approaches representing a wide variety of disciplines of engineering and science. Throughout the book, great emphases are placed on engineering applications of complex systems, as well as the methodologies of automation, including artificial intelligence, automated and intelligent control, energy analysis, energy modelling, energy management, and optimised energy efficiency. The significant impact of recent studies that have been selected for presentation are of high interest in engineering complex systems. An attempt has been made to expose the reading audience of engineers and researchers to a broad range of theoretical and practical topics. The topics contained in the present book are of specific interest to engineers who are seeking expertise in transportation, building, and manufacturing technologies as well as mathematical modelling of complex systems, engineering approaches to engineering complex problems, automation via artificial intelligence methods, automated and intelligent control, and energy systems. The primary audience of this book are researchers, graduate students, and engineers in mechanical engineering, control engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, and science disciplines. In particular, the book can be used for training graduate and PhD students as well as senior undergraduate students to enhance their knowledge by taking a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in the areas of complex systems, control systems, energy systems, and engineering applications. The covered research topics are also of interest to engineers and academia who are seeking to expand their expertise in these areas.eng

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Despite the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenge of realizing sustainability across the triple bottom line of social, environmental, and economic development remains an urgent priority. If anything, it is now imperative that we work towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the global challenges are significant. Many of the societal challenges represent complex problems that require multifaceted solutions drawing on multidisciplinary approaches.Engineering management involves the management of people and projects related to technological or engineering systems—this includes project management, engineering economy and technology management, as well as the management and leadership of teams. Systems engineering involves the design, integration and management of complex systems over the full life cycle—this includes requirements capture and integrated system design, as well as modelling and simulation. In addition to the theoretical underpinnings of both disciplines, they also provide a range of tools and techniques that can be used to address technological and organisational complexity. The disciplines of engineering management and systems engineering are therefore ideally suited to help tackle both the challenges and the opportunities associated with realising a sustainable future for all.This book provides new insights on how engineering management and systems engineering can be utilised as part of the journey towards sustainability. The book includes a discussion of a broad range of different approaches to investigate sustainability through utilising quantitative, qualitative and conceptual methodologies. The book will be of interest to researchers and students focused on the field of sustainability as well as practitioners concerned with devising strategies for sustainable development.

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This reprint presents various aspects of the future grid, which is the next generation of the electrical grid and will enable the smart integration of conventional, renewable, and distributed power generation, energy storage, transmission and distribution, and demand management. Renewable energy is crucial in transitioning to a less carbon-intensive economy and a more sustainable energy system. The high penetration and uncertain power outputs of renewable energy pose great challenges to the stable operation of energy systems. The deployment of the smart grid is revolutionary, and also imperative around the world. It involves and deals with multidisciplinary fields such as energy sources, control systems, communications, computational generation, transmission, distribution, customer operations, markets, and service providers. Smart grids are emerging in both developed and developing countries, with the aim of achieving a reliable and secure electricity supply. Smart grids will eventually require standards, policy, and a regulatory framework for successful implementation. This reprint addresses the emerging and advanced green energy technologies for a sustainable and resilient future grid, and provides a platform to enhance interdisciplinary research and share the most recent ideas.

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This Special Issue “Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technologies” was in session from 1 May 2019 to 31 May 2020. For this Special issue, we invited articles on current state-of-the-art technologies and solutions in G2V and V2G, including but not limited to the operation and control of gridable vehicles, energy storage and management systems, charging infrastructure and chargers, EV demand and load forecasting, V2G interfaces and applications, V2G and energy reliability and security, environmental impacts, and economic benefits as well as demonstration projects and case studies in the aforementioned areas. Articles that deal with the latest hot topics in V2G are of particular interest, such as V2G and demand-side response control technique, smart charging infrastructure and grid planning, advanced power electronics for V2G systems, adaptation of V2G systems in the smart grid, adaptation of smart cities for a large number of EVs, integration, and the optimization of V2G systems, utilities and transportation assets for advanced V2G systems, wireless power transfer systems for advanced V2G systems, fault detection, maintenance and diagnostics in V2G processes, communications protocols for V2G systems, energy management system (EMS) in V2G systems, IoT for V2G systems, distributed energy and storage systems for V2G, transportation networks and V2G, energy management for V2G, smart charging/discharging stations for efficient V2G, environmental and socio-economic benefits and challenges of V2G systems, and building integrated V2G systems (BIV2G). Five manuscripts are published in this Special Issue, including “An Ensemble Stochastic Forecasting Framework for Variable Distributed Demand Loads” by Agyeman et al., “Where Will You Park? Predicting Vehicle Locations for Vehicle-to-Grid, An MPC Scheme with Enhanced Active Voltage Vector Region for V2G Inverter” by Shipman et al., “Electric Vehicles Energy Management with V2G/G2V Multifactor Optimization of Smart Grids” by Xia et al., and “A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies” by Savitti et al.

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Electrical power systems are evolving at the generation, transmission, and distribution levels. At distribution level, small generating and storage units—the so-called distributed energy sources (DERs)—are being installed close to consumption sites. The expansion of DERs is empowering renewable energy source integration and, as a consequence, new actors are appearing in electrical systems. Among them, the prosumer is a game-changer; the fruit of the behavior transformation of the consumer who has not only the ability to consume power but also to produce it. Microgrids can be understood as DER installations that have the capability of both grid-connected and grid-isolated operation. During the last decades, there has been a significant deployment of microgrids (e.g., in countries like the United States, Switzerland, and Denmark) and a consequent increase in renewable energy generation. This is contributing to the decarbonization of electrical power systems. However, the variability and intermittency of renewable sources introduce uncertainty, which implies a more complex operation and control. Taking into account that existing and future planned microgrids are being/going to be interconnected to the current electrical network, challenges in terms of design, operation, and control at power system level need to be addressed, considering existing regulations.

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This Special Issue will include papers related to the planning, protection, and control of smart grids and microgrids, and their applications in the industry, transportation, water, waste, and urban and residential infrastructures. Authors are encouraged to present their latest research; reviews on topics including methods, approaches, systems, and technology; and interfaces to other domains such as big data, cybersecurity, human–machine, sustainability, and smart cities. The planning side of microgrids might include technology selection, scheduling, interconnected microgrids, and their integration with regional energy infrastructures. The protection side of microgrids might include topics related to protection strategies, risk management, protection technologies, abnormal scenario assessments, equipment and system protection layers, fault diagnosis, validation and verification, and intelligent safety systems. The control side of smart grids and microgrids might include control strategies, intelligent control algorithms and systems, control architectures, technologies, embedded systems, monitoring, and deployment and implementation.

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Electric vehicles are only ‘green’ as long as the source of electricity is ‘green’ as well. At the same time, renewable power production suffers from diurnal and seasonal variations, creating the need for energy storage technology. Moreover, overloading and voltage problems are expected in the distributed network due to the high penetration of distributed generation and increased power demand from the charging of electric vehicles. The energy and mobility transition hence calls for novel technological innovations in the field of sustainable electric mobility powered from renewable energy. This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in technology for PV charging and storage for electric vehicles.

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With the Internet of Things and various information and communication technologies, a city can manage its assets in a smarter way, constituting the urban development vision of a smart city. This facilitates a more efficient use of physical infrastructure and encourages citizen participation. Smart energy and smart mobility are among the key aspects of the smart city, in which the electric vehicle (EV) is believed to take a key role. EVs are powered by various energy sources or the electricity grid. With proper scheduling, a large fleet of EVs can be charged from charging stations and parking infrastructures. Although the battery capacity of a single EV is small, an aggregation of EVs can perform as a significant power source or load, constituting a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system. Besides acquiring energy from the grid, in V2G, EVs can also support the grid by providing various demand response and auxiliary services. Thanks to this, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and utilize the renewable energy more effectively. This Special Issue “Smart Energy and Intelligent Transportation Systems” addresses existing knowledge gaps and advances smart energy and mobility. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to smart energy and transportation.

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