Miért érdemes egy 15. századi firenzei humanista, közelebbről a költő, műfordító, filológus és filozófus Angelo Poliziano levelezését olvasni? Egyrészt azért, mert reményeink szerint a magyar műfordítás is visszaadja ezen ékszerekké csiszolt rövid latin szövegek nyelvi, stiláris és gondolati szépségét, humorát és érzelmi gazdagságát, feszes ritmusát. Másrészt mert a levelek a lehető leghűbb képet festik tudós elődeink eszményeiről, kutatásaik tárgyairól, barátságaikról, tréfáikról és kiterjedt kapcsolatrendszerükről, aminek révén egymást támogathatták patrónusok szerzésében, hírnevük terjesztésében. Sokszor konkrét segítséget kérnek egymástól: adatokat egy-egy szerzővel, művel vagy latin kifejezéssel kapcsolatban, vagy éppen kéziratokat kérnek kölcsön vagy küldenek a másik számára, az illető javításait kérve a régi, másolási hibákat rejtő kódexekben. Poliziano tizenkét könyvbe szerkesztette leveleit, ezek közül az első négy könyvet foglalja magába e kötet a latin eredetivel együtt, így a haladó latintanulók számára kitűnő lehetőséget ad a gyakorlásra. A levélfüzérek elé a fordító, Frazer-Imregh Monika a humanista barátok életrajzait illesztette, így a könyv az itáliai humanizmus kistükrének is tekinthető.

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This sixth and final half-volume of the Freud/Ferenczi correspondence covers the period from 1925 until Ferenczi's death in 1933. During that period, Freud works on revisions of psychoanalytical theory, on autobiographical and historical contributions, on religious topics and on his critique of civilization and culture, and on the development of female sexuality. Ferenczi publishes his probably most interesting, but also most contested contributions to the theory and technique of psychoanalysis. With hindsight one can say that his technical experiments lead him to formulate a theoretical model which has became the basis for contemporary theories. For a time, he closely collaborates for this with Freud's "right hand," Otto Rank. Their publications lead to a personal and scientific fight over power between the leaders of the psychoanalytic movement, a fight that threatens to split that very movement. This conflict - which has influenced the history of psychoanalysis to this day - results in Rank's leaving the psychoanalytic community and Ferenczi's being marginalized. Freud, at first supportive of Ferenczi and Rank, eventually joins their opponents (above all Karl Abraham and Ernest Jones). He regards Ferenczi's innovations as a scientific regression, and interprets them as Ferenczi's reaction to his own personal problems and deficits. Ferenczi himself, however, is convinced of the value of his ideas, and struggles for more independence from Freud. The general tone of their letters gets less intimate, and sometimes outright sharp. Ferenczi writes less often, instead he confides his new ideas and his criticism of Freud to his "Clinical Diary." Although an open break can be avoided, Ferenczi's untimely death prevents a resolution of their conflicts and misunderstandings.Without doubt, the Freud/Ferenczi correspondence is one of the most important primary sources for the early history of psychoanalysis, and it is a literary event of the first magnitude to boot. In none of his other correspondences with disciples writes Freud so frequently, so openly, and over such a long period of time. This final volume documents the tragic end of this "intimate community of life, feeling, and interest" (Freud to Ferenczi, 11.1.1933); and all this before the background of the political and social upheaval of that time.The guiding line of the editorial apparatus has been to give the contemporary reader information about anything with which she or he might not be familiar: persons, events, literary and scientific works, quotations, cryptoquotations, allusions, and so on. It also contains quotations from a great number of hitherto unpublished Freud letters.

Dieser letzte Halbband der Freud/Ferenczi-Korrespondenz umfasst die Jahre von 1925 bis zu Ferenczis Tod in 1933. Freuds Werk beschäftigt sich während dieser Zeit mit Revisionen der psychoanalytischen Theorie, mit autobiographischen und historischen Beiträgen, mit kulturkritischen und religiösen Themen und der Entwicklung der weiblichen Sexualität. Ferenczi verfasst seine wohl interessantesten, aber auch umstrittensten Beiträge zur Theorie und Technik der Psychoanalyse. Aus heutiger Sicht führen ihn seine technischen Experimente zu einem theoretischen Modell, das den Grundstein für heutige Theorien legt. Eine Zeitlang arbeitet er dabei eng mit Freuds "rechter Hand", Otto Rank, zusammen. Ihre Publikationen führen zu einem persönlichen und wissenschaftlichen Machtkampf innerhalb des Führungsgremiums der psychoanalytischen Bewegung, der die Psychoanalyse zu spalten droht. Am Ende dieser Auseinandersetzung, die die Geschichte der Psychoanalyse bis heute beeinflusst hat, steht Rank außerhalb der psychoanalytischen Gemeinschaft und Ferenczi an ihrem Rande. Freud, der anfangs auf ihrer Seite gestanden hatte, wechselt schließlich ins Lager ihrer Opponenten (v.a. Karl Abraham und Ernest Jones). Er sieht in Ferenczis Neuerungen einen wissenschaftlichen Rückschritt und interpretiert sie als Reaktion auf persönliche Probleme und Defizite bei Ferenczi selbst. Ferenczi hingegen ist vom Wert seiner Ideen überzeugt und kämpft um eine größere Unabhängigkeit von Freud. Der Ton des Briefwechsels verschlechtert sich spürbar und wird stellenweise ausgesprochen scharf. Ferenczi schreibt seltener; statt dessen verfasst er ein "Klinisches Tagebuch", dem er seine neuen Ideen und auch seine Kritik an Freud anvertraut. Ein offener Bruch kann zwar vermieden werden, doch verhindert Ferenczis früher Tod eine Lösung der Konflikte und Missverständnisse.Die Freud/Ferenczi-Korrespondenz ist ohne Zweifel einer der wichtigsten Primärquellen zur Geschichte der frühen Psychoanalyse. Daneben ist sie ein literarisches Ereignis ersten Ranges. Mit keinem seiner Schüler hat Freud so lang, so häufig und so offen korrespondiert wie mit Ferenczi. Mit dem vorliegenden Band wird der tragische Abschluss dieser innigen Lebens-, Gefühls- und Interessensgemeinschaft" (Freud an Ferenczi, 11.1.1933) dokumentiert - dies alles vor dem Hintergrund der umwälzenden politischen und gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungen jener Zeit.Der editorische Apparat versucht, der heutigen Leserschaft all jene Informationen in möglichst objektiver Art zu geben, die es erlauben, dieser Geschichte zu folgen: Informationen über Personen, Ereignisse, literarische und wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, Zitate, Kryptozitate, Anspielungen usw., wobei auch eine große Zahl bisher unveröffentlichter Freud-Briefe herangezogen werden.

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The letters between Sigmund Freud and Karl Abraham constitute one of the most important correspondences of Freud. Karl Abraham was an important and influential early member of Freud's inner circle of trusted colleagues. As such he played a significant part in the establishment of psychoanalysis as a discipline. Regarded by Freud biographer Ernest Jones as one of the best clinical analysts among his contemporaries, he also contributed important elaborations and developments of Freud's theories.In 1965, there appeared a first, censored and incomplete edition of this correspondence. In 2002, a completed edition came out in English translation. The present publication will be the first complete edition of this major correspondence in the original German, All letters, postcards, telegrams, notes, and enclosures that have been preserved and could be found are reprinted without omissions or pseudonyms. Added are both editorial and text-critical footnotes, plus an introduction and an appendix with pertinent additional material.It is now possible to explore first-hand the complex relationship that existed between Freud and his master pupil, and to follow their exchange on theoretical and clinical matters, but also on family members, their various travels, political and historical events, etc., and on their combined and individual relationships with other colleagues, such as C. G. Jung or the members of the so-called Secret Committee around Freud. This substantial and absorbing collection of letters enables the reader to gain valuable insights into these two pioneers of psychoanalysis, into the history of the psychoanalytic movement, and into the development of both Freud's and Abraham's theories.Due to the length of this correspondence (appr. 900 pages in print), this edition will appear in two volumes.

Die Briefe zwischen Sigmund Freud und Karl Abraham gehören zu den wichtigsten Briefwechseln Freuds. Karl Abraham war ein wichtiges und einflussreiches Mitglied des engeren Kreises von Vertrauten rund um Freud. Als solches spielte er eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Etablierung der Disziplin der Psychoanalyse. Von Freuds Biograph Ernest Jones als einer der besten Kliniker seiner Zeit bezeichnet, trug er auch wichtige Ausarbeitungen und Weiterentwicklungen von Freuds Theorien bei.1965 erschien eine erste, zensierte und unvollständige Ausgabe dieser Korrespondenz. 2002 kam eine vervollständigte Ausgabe in englischer Übersetzung heraus. Die vorliegende Publikation ist die erste vollständige Edition dieser bedeutenden Korrespondenz in der deutschen Originalfassung. Sie enthält den Text aller Briefe, Karten, Telegramme, Notizen und Beilagen, die erhalten geblieben sind und aufgefunden werden konnten, ohne Auslassungen oder Pseudonyme. Dazu kommen sowohl editorische wie textkritische Fußnoten, sowie eine Einleitung und ein Anhang, der weitere relevante Materialien enthält.Aus erster Hand können nun die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen Freud und seinem Meisterschüler verfolgt werden, ihr Austausch über theoretische und klinische Fragen, aber auch über ihre Familien, ihre verschiedenen Reisen, über politische und historische Ereignisse usw., sowie über ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Kollegen wie C. G. Jung oder zu den Mitgliedern des sogenannten Geheimen Komitees rund um Freud. Diese reichhaltige und faszinierende Briefsammlung erlaubt dem Leser, wertvolle Einsichten über diese beiden Pioniere der Psychoanalyse, über die Geschichte der psychoanalytischen Bewegung und über die Entwicklung der Theorien Freuds und Abrahams zu gewinnen. Aufgrund des großen Umfangs dieses Briefwechsels (etwa 900 Druckseiten) erscheint diese Edition in zwei Bänden.

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CMOK to YOu To presents the 2015 email correspondence of the Serbian-born poet, art critic and playwright Nina Živančević and Canadian cultural theorist Marc James Léger. In December of 2014 Léger invited Živančević to contribute a text to the second volume of the book he was editing, The Idea of the Avant Garde – And What It Means Today. Taken with each other’s idiosyncrasies, their correspondence gradually shifted from amiable professional exchanges and the eventual failure to organize a scholarly event to that of collaborating on some kind of writing project. Several titles were attempted for the eventual book – Marshmallow Muse: The Exact and Irreverent Letters of MJL and NZ, The Orange Jelly Bean, or, I Already Am Eating from the Trash Can All the Time: The Name of This Trash Can Is Ideology, The Secreted Correspondence of Mme Chatelet and Voltaire, and I’m Taken: The E-Pistolary Poetry of Kit le Minx and Cad – but none of these proved to be more telling than CMOK, the Serbian word for kiss, which sums up the authors’ quest for “harmony” in an altogether imperfect world and literary medium.In this book, names of real people were changed in order to protect those who might otherwise be offended by the unguarded and absurdist commentary of its authors. Despite this fact, it is the fragility and elasticity of the writers’ superegos that is tested as they vacillate from personal registers to intellectual strata. At once a cis-avant-gardist’s exploration of anti-art and a poet’s claim to some weak form of autonomy, CMOK delights in both the pleasures of casual email and the sublime realizations of Jacques Lacan’s theory of sexuation. CMOK is a hybrid genre and a quest into the real of virtuality that defies the literary standards. Its authors, who never met, answer one another’s basic needs and questions, separated as they are by time zones and the ocean, but not culturally or spiritually.ABOUT THE AUTHORNina Živančević is a Paris-based poet, playwright, fiction writer, scholar, performer and art critic. A leading Serbian literary figure, Živančević published her first book in 1982 for which she won the National Award for poetry in Yugoslavia. From 1980 to 1981 she worked as a teaching assistant and secretary to Allen Ginsberg. Since that time she worked as a literary editor, correspondent and contributor to several publications, including New York Arts Magazine, Modern Painters, American Book Review, East Village Eye, République des lettres, Les Intempestives, Au Sud de l’Est, Theater X, Politika, El País, Woman (Spain), The Tribes, and Dnevnik. Besides having worked for the Living Theatre from 1988 to 1992, she co-founded the Odiyana Theatre. Author of more than twenty books, her principal works in English include I Was This War Reporter in Egypt (Leave Books, 1992), Inside & Out of Byzantium: Short Stories (Semiotext(e), 1994), The Death of New York City (Cool Grove Press, 2002), and Living On Air (Barncott, 2014). She has lectured at Naropa University, New York University, the Harriman Institute, St. John’s University in the U.S., and teaches the history of avant-garde theatre at Université Paris 8. She has worked in theatre and radio. Her plays have been performed in the United States and Great Britain.Marc James Léger is an artist and independent scholar living in Montreal. He has published numerous essays, including pieces in Afterimage, Art Journal, C Magazine, Canadian Journal of Film Studies, Creative Industries Journal, Etc, FUSE, Journal of Aesthetics and Protest, Left Curve, Public, One + One Filmmakers Journal, Open, Parachute, Radical Criminology and Third Text. An essay on the aesthetic theories of Henri Lefebvre was published in Andrew Hemingway’s 2006 volume Marxism and the History of Art. He is author of Brave New Avant Garde (2012), The Neoliberal Undead (2013) and Drive in Cinema (2015), and editor of Culture and Contestation in the New Century (2011), The Idea of the Avant Garde – And What It Means Today, Volumes 1 and 2 (2015 and forthcoming), as well as editor of the catalogue for the 2014 Quebec City biennale, Resistance: And Then We Built New Forms. His “Interview with Allen Ginsberg’s Assistant (Nina Živančević)” is published in The End of Being (May 21, 2015).

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What an absolutely brilliant idea for a book. I wish I’d had it and feel full of envy that I didn’t. These compulsively readable messages are part of the pathetic and poignant pornography of our time.~ Simon Critchley, Professor of Philosophy, The New School for Social ResearchDear Professor: A Chronicle of Absences is a collection of over two hundred often involuntarily comical emails in which students excuse themselves for missing class. The result is a satirical yet unexpectedly sympathetic collective portrait of modern-day academia where both students and teachers feel pressured to comply with the impositions of hyper-connectivity.THREE EXCERPTS5/29/2014Dear Professor,I have registered for your [Course Name] starting June 4th and very much look forward to these sessions. Unfortunately two weeks ago while in the Sahara desert I fell off a camel and fractured 4 ribs. I am in Paris recuperating but as you probably know only time and pain killers are the treatment. I will not be able to travel in time to make the first session on 4th June but hope to be in New York in time for the second and subsequent sessions.I would appreciate your input on the following:–venue as to where to meet at 3:15pm stating on June 11th–should I obtain any reading or other materials needed or desirable for the course–would you have an outline or any notes you could let me have on the material you will cover (and I will miss) for the first session.I look forward to meeting with you.kind regardsPaul C.4/18/2015Dear Professor,I am very sorry about the lateness of my assignments. And my absences during the semester. I am graduating after this semester and I found myself swamped with a ton of work I was not expecting. All of this piled up with vet visits, caring for my new puppy, and other things getting in the way I lost a lot of my energy this semester. I’ve attached all the assignments in this email. And if there is anything else I can give you please let me know.Thank you for a great semester and for understanding,All the best,William12/7/15Dear Professor,Excuses section: I’m sorry that I had to leave early on Tuesday last week and was additionally unable to attend on Thursday. On Thursday something came up and I was sadly unable to attend any of my classes. For Tuesday I do not have such a good reason, if I am honest I left 20 minutes early because of a beautiful girl (the only and last time I would use this reason and I apologize, I let instinctual hedonism take over for better or worse!)Interesting section: I have been working on this piece “To Fear with Love” and thought you might appreciate it as per our earlier discussion about writing. It is attached below for your enjoyment and I would love any feedback/criticism!Best,AbrahamABOUT THE AUTHORFilip Noterdaeme is a New-York-based artist and writer. He is is the founding director of the Homeless Museum of Art and the author of The Autobiography of Daniel J. Isengart (Outpost19) and Growl and Other Poems (Antoine Lefebvre Editions). He teaches art history at a number of universities across New York City and is a frequent lecturer at the Guggenheim Museum, MoMA, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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Arnold Scholz (1906-1941) war einer der vielversprechendsten jungen Zahlentheoretiker in den 1930er Jahren, einer der besten Kenner der Klassenkörpertheorie. Als Doktorand von Issai Schur war er auch mit gruppentheoretischen Methoden vertraut. Da er während des Dritten Reichs als politisch nicht zuverlässig galt (er war ein enger Freund des ebenfalls „suspekten“ Ernst Zermelo), konnte er keine sichere Stelle finden. Trotzdem gelang es ihm, eine Reihe wichtiger Resultate zu erhalten, u.a. bei der Realisierung von Galoisgruppen und in der Theorie der Normenreste. Der zu einem klaren Verständnis dieser Ergebnisse notwendige kohomologische Apparat war damals noch nicht entwickelt, und daher konnten zunächst nur Wenige mit den Scholzschen Ideen etwas anfangen. Eine Reihe seiner Resultate wurden später wiederentdeckt. Schafarewitsch konnte mit Hilfe der Scholzschen Methoden zeigen, dass jede endliche auflösbare Gruppe als Galoisgruppe einer Erweiterung der rationalen Zahlen vorkommt. Das vorliegende Buch, das als erster Schritt zu einem besseren Verständnis des Werks von Arnold Scholz anzusehen ist, enthält die Korrespondenz zwischen Arnold Scholz und Helmut Hasse einerseits und Olga Taussky andererseits, soweit sie in den Archiven der Universität Göttingen und des California Institute of Technology in Pasadena erhalten sind. Auch die Korrespondenz zwischen Hasse und Taussky bis zum frühen Tod von Arnold Scholz wurde aufgenommen.

Arnold Scholz (1906-1941) war einer der vielversprechendsten jungen Zahlentheoretiker in den 1930er Jahren, einer der besten Kenner der Klassenkörpertheorie. Als Doktorand von Issai Schur war er auch mit gruppentheoretischen Methoden vertraut. Da er während des Dritten Reichs als politisch nicht zuverlässig galt (er war ein enger Freund des ebenfalls „suspekten“ Ernst Zermelo), konnte er keine sichere Stelle finden. Trotzdem gelang es ihm, eine Reihe wichtiger Resultate zu erhalten, u.a. bei der Realisierung von Galoisgruppen und in der Theorie der Normenreste. Der zu einem klaren Verständnis dieser Ergebnisse notwendige kohomologische Apparat war damals noch nicht entwickelt, und daher konnten zunächst nur Wenige mit den Scholzschen Ideen etwas anfangen. Eine Reihe seiner Resultate wurden später wiederentdeckt. Schafarewitsch konnte mit Hilfe der Scholzschen Methoden zeigen, dass jede endliche auflösbare Gruppe als Galoisgruppe einer Erweiterung der rationalen Zahlen vorkommt. Das vorliegende Buch, das als erster Schritt zu einem besseren Verständnis des Werks von Arnold Scholz anzusehen ist, enthält die Korrespondenz zwischen Arnold Scholz und Helmut Hasse einerseits und Olga Taussky andererseits, soweit sie in den Archiven der Universität Göttingen und des California Institute of Technology in Pasadena erhalten sind. Auch die Korrespondenz zwischen Hasse und Taussky bis zum frühen Tod von Arnold Scholz wurde aufgenommen.

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British diplomats stationed in the German Empire and serving under George III had one major objective: seeing to matters regarding the British crown and steering clear of “His Majesty’s German Dominions”. The Electorate of Hanover did have her own diplomatic missions after all. As ever so often, theory deviated from reality and did indeed in this point. Zoning in on British-Hanoverian (un)official collaboration and cooperation, a selection of British diplomats serving on the European continent between 1774 and 1783 take centre stage. It is through their eyes and writing that the political and structural realities of the British-Hanoverian union are illuminated. Moreover do they offer a unique insight into the political ideas and perceptions of those, for whom the British-Hanoverian union was more than a mere political backdrop.

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Fathers and Sons, by Ivan Turgenev, is part of the Barnes & Noble Classics series, which offers quality editions at affordable prices to the student and the general reader, including new scholarship, thoughtful design, and pages of carefully crafted extras. Here are some of the remarkable features of Barnes & Noble Classics: New introductions commissioned from today's top writers and scholars Biographies of the authors Chronologies of contemporary historical, biographical, and cultural events Footnotes and endnotes Selective discussions of imitations, parodies, poems, books, plays, paintings, operas, statuary, and films inspired by the work Comments by other famous authors Study questions to challenge the reader's viewpoints and expectations Bibliographies for further reading Indices & Glossaries, when appropriateAll editions are beautifully designed and are printed to superior specifications; some include illustrations of historical interest. Barnes & Noble Classics pulls together a constellation of influences—biographical, historical, and literary—to enrich each reader's understanding of these enduring works. Youth rebels. It’s true today and it was true in Russia, in 1862, when Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons first appeared. At the novel’s center stands Evgeny Bazarov, medical student, doctor’s son, and self-proclaimed nihilist. Bazarov rejects all authority, all so-called truths that are based on faith rather than science and experience. His ideas bring him into conflict with his best friend, recent graduate Arkady Kirsanov, with Arkady’s family, with his own parents, and eventually with his emotions, when he falls helplessly in love with the beautiful Madame Odintsova. Turgenev’s earlier A Sportsman’s Sketches had helped hasten the liberation of the serfs in 1861. But the complex portrait of Bazarov, whose goals he admired but whose rejection of art and embrace of violence he could not accept, enraged both right and left. The right saw Fathers and Sons as a glorification of radical extremists; the left saw it as a denunciation of progress. Even today, readers argue over Turgenev’s attitude towards Bazarov. But they can’t resist the novel’s power to grip the heart while engaging the mind. David Goldfarb is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Slavic Languages at Barnard College. He has published numerous scholarly articles as well as the Introduction and Notes to the Barnes & Noble Classics edition of Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych and Other Stories.

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This book reproduces the complete extant correspondence between Emmy Noether and Helmut Hasse. There are 82 such letters, of which 79 are from Noether to Hasse, dating from 1925 until Noether‘s sudden death in 1935. The correspondence refl ects a crucial period in the development of 20th century algebra and number theory, in particular class fi eld theory. Details of proofs appear alongside with conjectures and speculations. Also discussed are questions of textbook presentation, e.g., of Galois theory. Aside from mathematical details, the spontaneity of Noether‘s style allows many glimpses at the image that Emmy Noether and Helmut Hasse had of the topics they were working in. The Hasse – Noether correspondence is a rich source for those who are interested in the rise and the development of mathematical notions and ideas. Each letter is accompanied by a detailed commentary supplied by the editors. For the convenience of the reader, numerous cross-references, extended indexes, and short biographies of all persons mentioned in the correspondence have been added.

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This book reproduces the complete extant correspondence between Emmy Noether and Helmut Hasse. There are 82 such letters, of which 79 are from Noether to Hasse, dating from 1925 until Noether's sudden death in 1935. The correspondence reflects a crucial period in the development of 20th century algebra and number theory, in particular class field theory. Details of proofs appear alongside with conjectures and speculations. Also discussed are questions of textbook presentation, e.g., of Galois theory. Aside from mathematical details, the spontaneity of Noether's style allows many glimpses at the image that Emmy Noether and Helmut Hasse had of the topics they were working in. The Hasse - Noether correspondence is a rich source for those who are interested in the rise and the development of mathematical notions and ideas. Each letter is accompanied by a detailed commentary supplied by the editors. For the convenience of the reader, numerous cross-references, extended indexes, and short biographies of all persons mentioned in the correspondence have been added.

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Immediately recognized as a masterpiece when it was first published in 1847, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is an extraordinary coming-of-age story featuring one of the most independent and strong-willed female protagonists in all of literature. Poor and plain, Jane Eyre begins life as a lonely orphan in the household of her hateful aunt. Despite the oppression she endures at home, and the later torture of boarding school, Jane manages to emerge with her spirit and integrity unbroken. She becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she finds herself falling in love with her employer—the dark, impassioned Mr. Rochester. But an explosive secret tears apart their relationship, forcing Jane to face poverty and isolation once again. One of the world’s most beloved novels, Jane Eyre is a startlingly modern blend of passion, romance, mystery, and suspense. 

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Immediately recognized as a masterpiece when it was first published in 1847, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is an extraordinary coming-of-age story featuring one of the most independent and strong-willed female protagonists in all of literature. Poor and plain, Jane Eyre begins life as a lonely orphan in the household of her hateful aunt. Despite the oppression she endures at home, and the later torture of boarding school, Jane manages to emerge with her spirit and integrity unbroken. She becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she finds herself falling in love with her employer—the dark, impassioned Mr. Rochester. But an explosive secret tears apart their relationship, forcing Jane to face poverty and isolation once again. One of the world’s most beloved novels, Jane Eyre is a startlingly modern blend of passion, romance, mystery, and suspense. 

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Immediately recognized as a masterpiece when it was first published in 1847, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is an extraordinary coming-of-age story featuring one of the most independent and strong-willed female protagonists in all of literature. Poor and plain, Jane Eyre begins life as a lonely orphan in the household of her hateful aunt. Despite the oppression she endures at home, and the later torture of boarding school, Jane manages to emerge with her spirit and integrity unbroken. She becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she finds herself falling in love with her employer—the dark, impassioned Mr. Rochester. But an explosive secret tears apart their relationship, forcing Jane to face poverty and isolation once again. One of the world’s most beloved novels, Jane Eyre is a startlingly modern blend of passion, romance, mystery, and suspense. 

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Immediately recognized as a masterpiece when it was first published in 1847, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is an extraordinary coming-of-age story featuring one of the most independent and strong-willed female protagonists in all of literature. Poor and plain, Jane Eyre begins life as a lonely orphan in the household of her hateful aunt. Despite the oppression she endures at home, and the later torture of boarding school, Jane manages to emerge with her spirit and integrity unbroken. She becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she finds herself falling in love with her employer—the dark, impassioned Mr. Rochester. But an explosive secret tears apart their relationship, forcing Jane to face poverty and isolation once again. One of the world’s most beloved novels, Jane Eyre is a startlingly modern blend of passion, romance, mystery, and suspense. 

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Immediately recognized as a masterpiece when it was first published in 1847, Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre is an extraordinary coming-of-age story featuring one of the most independent and strong-willed female protagonists in all of literature. Poor and plain, Jane Eyre begins life as a lonely orphan in the household of her hateful aunt. Despite the oppression she endures at home, and the later torture of boarding school, Jane manages to emerge with her spirit and integrity unbroken. She becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she finds herself falling in love with her employer—the dark, impassioned Mr. Rochester. But an explosive secret tears apart their relationship, forcing Jane to face poverty and isolation once again. One of the world’s most beloved novels, Jane Eyre is a startlingly modern blend of passion, romance, mystery, and suspense. 

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Die seit 1980 erscheinende Reihe Vorträge und Abhandlungen zur Slavistik bietet Publikationsmöglichkeiten vor allem für kleinere Monographien, die ihrem Umfang nach zwischen Zeitschriftenbeitrag und großem Buch anzusiedeln sind. Aufgenommen werden Themen aus dem Gesamtbereich der slavischen Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen sowie ihrer Wechselbeziehungen. Neben Untersuchungen werden auch Bibliographien, Forschungsberichte und Editionen veröffentlicht. Die Autoren und Autorinnen der bisherigen Bände kommen aus Amerika, Kanada, Deutschland, Finnland, Polen, Rußland, Schweiz, Slowenien, Tschechische Republik und Ungarn.

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On March 15, 1939, Helen Waldstein’s father snatched his stamped exit visa from a distracted clerk to escape from Prague with his wife and child. As the Nazis closed in on a war-torn Czechoslovakia, only letters from their extended family could reach Canada through the barriers of conflict. The Waldstein family received these letters as they made their lives on a southern Ontario farm, where they learned to be Canadian and forget their Jewish roots. Helen Waldstein read these letters as an adult―this changed everything. As her past refused to keep silent, Helen followed the trail of the letters back to Europe, where she discovered living witnesses who could attest to the letters’ contents. She has here interwoven their stories and her own into a compelling narrative of suffering, survivor guilt, and overcoming intergenerational obstacles when exploring a traumatic past.

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"Travellers who require that every nation should resemble their native country, had better stay at home," Mary Wollstonecraft wrote to her lover, Gilbert Imlay, in one of a series of letters addressed to him from her travels through Scandinavia in the summer of 1795. With a keen, withering eye, Wollstonecraft, one of the founding mothers of modern feminism, of course offers her insightful observations on the condition of womanhood in these northerly nations. But she also delights the reader with poetic portraits of the landscapes, observations on the rural and urban societies she encounters, and the particular difficulties encountered by a woman travelling alone, with only her infant daughter and a nursemaid for company... especially a woman who asks "men's questions" of those she meets along the way. First collected in book form in 1796, these letters display a strikingly modern attitude from a woman who was far ahead of her time. British writer and educator MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797), the mother of Frankenstein author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, espoused her then-radical feminist and liberal philosophies in such works as Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787), A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), and History and Moral View of the Origins and Progress of the French Revolution (1793).

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Knjiga prinaša poglobljeno študijo o prvi Galileovi »kopernikanski bitki«, ki je potekala v letih 1609–1611, ko je Galileo s pomočjo nedavno odkritega daljnogleda prišel do novih spoznanj, ki so govorila v prid kopernikanskemu »sistemu sveta« ali vsaj proti tedaj splošno sprejeti aristotelovski kozmologiji: od gor in dolin na Luni preko štirih Jupitrovih spremljevalcev do Venerinih faz. Študijo dopolnjuje dvojezična (latinsko-slovenska) izdaja Zvezdnega glasnika (Sidereus nuncius), ki je izšel leta 1609, v katerem je Galileo javnosti prvič poročal o svojih odkritjih, prevod Keplerjevega spisa Razgovor z Zvezdnim glasnikom (Disertatio cum cum nuncio sidereo) iz leta 1610 in izbrana pisma, napisana v obdobju med letoma 1597–1611, povezana z osupljivimi Galileovimi nebesnimi odkritji, spremljajočimi okoliščinami in polemikami, ki so jih spodbudila.

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Die seit 1980 erscheinende Reihe Vorträge und Abhandlungen zur Slavistik bietet Publikationsmöglichkeiten vor allem für kleinere Monographien, die ihrem Umfang nach zwischen Zeitschriftenbeitrag und großem Buch anzusiedeln sind. Aufgenommen werden Themen aus dem Gesamtbereich der slavischen Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen sowie ihrer Wechselbeziehungen. Neben Untersuchungen werden auch Bibliographien, Forschungsberichte und Editionen veröffentlicht. Die Autoren und Autorinnen der bisherigen Bände kommen aus Amerika, Kanada, Deutschland, Finnland, Polen, Rußland, Schweiz, Slowenien, Tschechische Republik und Ungarn.

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The early twentieth century was a time when steamships, international postal services and the telephone were setting the pace of an early wave of globalisation in Europe. In this increasingly international scenario, what role did language play? To address the geopolitical problem of cross-border linguistic (mis)understanding, international auxiliary languages like Esperanto were created. But what happened to a constructed language when it travelled to different places? This book tackles these questions by exploring the letters, postcards and activities of John Beveridge (1857–1943) and his family. This Scottish clergyman was a proficient Esperanto speaker, translator and co-founder of several Esperanto organisations. His long-standing engagement with the language left a unique archive that reveals how many Esperanto speakers exchanged letters across borders, produced literature for an international readership, organised congresses and used this language as an entry point into modernity and globalisation from their ‘marginal’ positions in the world. By tracing this language-based form of grassroots internationalism, the book uncovers wide-reaching networks connecting a corner of Scotland with rural settings and villages in Finland, Bulgaria and Brazil. Ultimately, it asks: what do we learn about international communication and globalisation through the lens of Esperanto and postcards? Focusing on a constructed language and communication technologies that preceded the dominance of global English and social media, this book offers an alternative vantage point on the history of international communication.

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The book discusses the experience of two Florentine travellers in the Levant from the 1760s to 1792. During their separate stays in Cyprus and in Istanbul they visited the Holy Land, Anatolia and Mesopotamia providing extensive reports on natural history, institutions, local customs and languages as well as data on the economy and the health conditions of the area. Their numerous printed works enjoyed remarkable success and were translated into French and other languages. The inquiry places the authors firmly within the European ‘Republic of letters’ and testifies to the growing interest for Islam and Ottoman power during the Enlightenment debate on the eve of the French Revolution.

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This book gathers together the papers presented at the conference “Female Writings and History (18th-19th cent.)”. The conference was organized in May 2003 at the Department of History, in cooperation with the Ph.D. Program in Gender Studies, the Pole of Humanities and Social Sciences of Federico II University, and the Neapolitan Society of National History.

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Truly some of the most romantic and personal feelings ever put to pen and ink. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was one of the most respected English poets in the Victorian period. Elizabeth was one of 12 children born into a wealthy family. The family wealth came from a Jamaican sugar plantation. Elizabeth contracted a long disease in her teens and after that her family considered her an invalid. Sonnets from the Portuguese consists of 44 love poems written around 1945. She wrote most of these poems just before she married Robert Browning. Elizabeth felt the poems were too personal to publish until her husband suggested the name. My Little Portuguese was a nickname Robert had given Elizabeth because of her dark hair.

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Benjamin Franklin's writings represent a long career of literary, scientific, and political efforts over a lifetime which extended nearly the entire eighteenth century. Franklin's achievements range from inventing the lightning rod to publishing Poor Richard's Almanack to signing the Declaration of Independence. In his own lifetime he knew prominence not only in America but in Britain and France as well. This volume includes Franklin's reflections on such diverse questions as philosophy and religion, social status, electricity, American national characteristics, war, and the status of women. Nearly sixty years separate the earliest writings from the latest, an interval during which Franklin was continually balancing between the puritan values of his upbringing and the modern American world to which his career served as prologue. This edition provides a new text of the Autobiography, established with close reference to Franklin's original manuscript. It also includes a new transcription of the 1726 journal, and several pieces which have recently been identified as Franklin's own work.

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Benjamin Franklin's writings represent a long career of literary, scientific, and political efforts over a lifetime which extended nearly the entire eighteenth century. Franklin's achievements range from inventing the lightning rod to publishing Poor Richard's Almanack to signing the Declaration of Independence. In his own lifetime he knew prominence not only in America but in Britain and France as well. This volume includes Franklin's reflections on such diverse questions as philosophy and religion, social status, electricity, American national characteristics, war, and the status of women. Nearly sixty years separate the earliest writings from the latest, an interval during which Franklin was continually balancing between the puritan values of his upbringing and the modern American world to which his career served as prologue. This edition provides a new text of the Autobiography, established with close reference to Franklin's original manuscript. It also includes a new transcription of the 1726 journal, and several pieces which have recently been identified as Franklin's own work.

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The Communism of Thought takes as its point of departure a passage in a letter from Dionys Mascolo to Gilles Deleuze: “I have called this communism of thought in the past. And I placed it under the auspices of Hölderlin, who may have only fled thought because he was unable to live it: ‘The life of the spirit between friends, the thoughts that form in the exchange of words, by writing or in person, are necessary to those who seek. Without that, we are by our own hands outside thought.’”What, in light of that imperative, is a correspondence? What is given to be understood by the word, let alone the phenomenon? What constitutes a correspondence? What occasions it? On what terms and according to what conditions may one enter into that exchange “necessary,” in Hölderlin’s words, “to those who seek”? Pursuant to what vicissitudes may it be conducted? And what end(s) might a correspondence come to have beyond the ostensible end that, to all appearances, it (inevitably) will be said to have had?And what is the proximity, here, between correspondence and commentary? To what extent might commentary approximate a kind of correspondence? (And with whom? The author of the source text? The source text itself? A future reader of that text? Or then again a third, or fourth, or nth party? And by way of what channels?)The two texts — the two commentaries — that form the heart of The Communism of Thought are both short, late texts of Gilles Deleuze’s, and they’re both reprinted in Two Regimes of Madness: Texts and Interviews, 1975-1995. The first text is Deleuze’s last published article, widely considered to be something of a testament, “Immanence: A Life ….” The commentary is staged in the manner of a dictionary definition of the word immanence. The various subentries under the first (and only) sense of the word for Deleuze — “a life …” — develop in tandem with the article to progressively elaborate the centrality of the problematics of definition to Deleuze’s conception of immanence. The second text is that of a brief, beautiful correspondence: The five letters that comprise the correspondence between Gilles Deleuze and Dionys Mascolo were written between 23 April and 6 October 1988, and were first published a decade later, in 1998, a year after Mascolo’s death and nearly three years after Deleuze’s. The commentary, a kind of marginalia to that correspondence, comes gradually and progressively into focus around a single question: To what affinity might a correspondence attest?“What strikes me especially,” an interviewer once noted to Deleuze, “is the friendship you have for the authors you write about.” “If you don’t admire something,” Deleuze replied, “if you don’t love it, you have no reason to write a word about it.”

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Wolfgang Capito (1478–1541), a leading Christian Hebraist and Catholic churchman who converted to Protestantism, was a pivotal figure in the history of the Reformation. After serving as a professor of theology in Basel and adviser to the archbishop of Mainz, he moved to Strasbourg, which became, largely due to his efforts, one of the most important centres of the Reformation movement after Wittenberg. This penultimate volume in the series is a fully annotated translation of Capito’s existing correspondence covering the years 1532–36 and culminating in the Wittenberg Concord between the Lutheran and Reformed churches. The correspondence includes Capito’s efforts, alongside those of his colleague Martin Bucer, to negotiate that compromise. Other letters deal with local, political, financial, and doctrinal questions, as well as Capito’s personal life. The letters demonstrate the importance of Capito and his colleagues in providing advice in matters concerning the churches in southern Germany and Switzerland, but also regarding the evangelicals in neighbouring France. Milton Kooistra’s annotation provides historical context by identifying classical, patristic, and biblical quotations as well as persons and places. Continuing in the series’ tradition of rigorous scholarship, this volume provides crucial details on the evolution of Capito’s thought and its contribution to the Reformation movement.This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

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Wolfgang Capito (1478–1541), a leading Christian Hebraist and Catholic churchman who converted to Protestantism, was a pivotal figure in the history of the Reformation. After serving as a professor of theology in Basel and adviser to the archbishop of Mainz, he moved to Strasbourg, which became, largely due to his efforts, one of the most important centres of the Reformation movement after Wittenberg. This penultimate volume in the series is a fully annotated translation of Capito’s existing correspondence covering the years 1532–36 and culminating in the Wittenberg Concord between the Lutheran and Reformed churches. The correspondence includes Capito’s efforts, alongside those of his colleague Martin Bucer, to negotiate that compromise. Other letters deal with local, political, financial, and doctrinal questions, as well as Capito’s personal life. The letters demonstrate the importance of Capito and his colleagues in providing advice in matters concerning the churches in southern Germany and Switzerland, but also regarding the evangelicals in neighbouring France. Milton Kooistra’s annotation provides historical context by identifying classical, patristic, and biblical quotations as well as persons and places. Continuing in the series’ tradition of rigorous scholarship, this volume provides crucial details on the evolution of Capito’s thought and its contribution to the Reformation movement.This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

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William Sharp (1855-1905) conducted one of the most audacious literary deceptions of his or any time. Sharp was a Scottish poet, novelist, biographer and editor who in 1893 began to write critically and commercially successful books under the name Fiona Macleod. This was far more than just a pseudonym: he corresponded as Macleod, enlisting his sister to provide the handwriting and address, and for more than a decade "Fiona Macleod" duped not only the general public but such literary luminaries as William Butler Yeats and, in America, E. C. Stedman. Sharp wrote "I feel another self within me now more than ever; it is as if I were possessed by a spirit who must speak out". This three-volume collection brings together Sharp’s own correspondence – a fascinating trove in its own right, by a Victorian man of letters who was on intimate terms with writers including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Walter Pater, and George Meredith – and the Fiona Macleod letters, which bring to life Sharp’s intriguing "second self".With an introduction and detailed notes by William F. Halloran, this richly rewarding collection offers a wonderful insight into the literary landscape of the time, while also investigating a strange and underappreciated phenomenon of late-nineteenth-century English literature. It is essential for scholars of the period, and it is an illuminating read for anyone interested in authorship and identity.

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William Sharp (1855-1905) conducted one of the most audacious literary deceptions of his or any time. Sharp was a Scottish poet, novelist, biographer and editor who in 1893 began to write critically and commercially successful books under the name Fiona Macleod. This was far more than just a pseudonym: he corresponded as Macleod, enlisting his sister to provide the handwriting and address, and for more than a decade "Fiona Macleod" duped not only the general public but such literary luminaries as William Butler Yeats and, in America, E. C. Stedman. Sharp wrote "I feel another self within me now more than ever; it is as if I were possessed by a spirit who must speak out". This three-volume collection brings together Sharp’s own correspondence – a fascinating trove in its own right, by a Victorian man of letters who was on intimate terms with writers including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Walter Pater, and George Meredith – and the Fiona Macleod letters, which bring to life Sharp’s intriguing "second self". With an introduction and detailed notes by William F. Halloran, this richly rewarding collection offers a wonderful insight into the literary landscape of the time, while also investigating a strange and underappreciated phenomenon of late-nineteenth-century English literature. It is essential for scholars of the period, and it is an illuminating read for anyone interested in authorship and identity.

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- The story had held us, round the fire, sufficiently breathless, but except the obvious remark that it was gruesome, as, on Christmas Eve in an old house, a strange tale should essentially be, I remember no comment uttered till somebody happened to say that it was the only case he had met in which such a visitation had fallen on a child. The case, I may mention, was that of an apparition in just such an old house as had gathered us for the occasion - an appearance, of a dreadful kind, to a little boy sleeping in the room with his mother and waking her up in the terror of it; waking her not to dissipate his dread and soothe him to sleep again, but to encounter also, herself, before she had succeeded in doing so, the same sight that had shaken him. It was this observation that drew from Douglas - not immediately, but later in the evening - a reply that had the interesting consequence to which I call attention. Someone else told a story not particu-larly effective, which I saw he was not following. This I took for a sign that he had himself something to produce and that we should only have to wait. We waited in fact till two nights later; but that same evening, before we scattered, he brought out what was in his mind.

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The correspondence between Renato Fucini and Emilia Peruzzi, which embraces a period of time comprised between 1871 and 1899, provides a colourful picture of late nineteenth-century Florentine and Italian society. Parading before our eyes are leading figures from Italian political and literary circles, such as Sonnino, Pareto, De Amicis and Ada Negri, who were part of the prestigious entourage that gravitated around the Peruzzi salon. The letters contained in the book throw new light on the personality of Fucini, while at the same time elucidating the biographical details of his life which are still little known and studied.

Il carteggio tra Renato Fucini ed Emilia Peruzzi, che abbraccia un periodo di tempo compreso tra il 1871 e il 1899, fornisce un quadro della società fiorentina e italiana di fine Ottocento. Dinanzi ai nostri occhi sfilano personaggi di spicco sia della politica che della letteratura italiana, da Sonnino a Pareto, da De Amicis a Ada Negri, che fecero parte del prestigioso entourage del salotto Peruzzi. Le lettere contenute nel volume gettano nuova luce sulla personalità di Fucini, permettendo nel contempo di fare maggiore chiarezza sulla sua biografia, ancora poco nota e poco approfondita.

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First published in 1516, Thomas More's Utopia is one of the most important works of European humanism. Through the voice of the mysterious traveler Raphael Hythloday, More describes a pagan, communist city-state governed by reason. Addressing such issues as religious pluralism, women's rights, state-sponsored education, colonialism, and justified warfare, Utopia seems remarkably contemporary nearly five centuries after it was written, and it remains a foundational text in philosophy and political theory.

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First published in 1516, Thomas More's Utopia is one of the most important works of European humanism. Through the voice of the mysterious traveler Raphael Hythloday, More describes a pagan, communist city-state governed by reason. Addressing such issues as religious pluralism, women's rights, state-sponsored education, colonialism, and justified warfare, Utopia seems remarkably contemporary nearly five centuries after it was written, and it remains a foundational text in philosophy and political theory.

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The book deals with the correspondence of Žiga Zois Baron Edelstein, the most important Enlightenment-era patron and mentor of Slovenian poets, writers, and scholars. The first part of the book defines the position of Zois’ correspondence within the history and the genre of the letter. The second part examines its importance for Slavic national revivals. Zois’ network at the end of the 18th and in the beginning of the 19th centuries linked into Enlightenment-era Republic of Letters the greatest intellectuals of the Central Europe and the Balkans. With the centers in Ljubljana and Vienna it did not only instructed Slovenian writers and scholars, but also supported all Slavic cultural nationalisms in Austrian empire.

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The main focus of this study is a methodological analysis of private letters written by Spanish emigrants from the Americas to their relatives and friends back in Europe, with an intensive discussion about the interaction and blurring between the public and the private spheres in private correspondences, kept and preserved in a public space (the archive). Questions of source criticism and a detailed assessment of the scientific production on the topics of letter writing and private correspondences in general, and emigrant-letters, specially, constitute the first part of the study. Emigrant letters from the colonial period can be found in a wide array of archival sources. Private archives of noble families, merchant houses and merchant institutions often hold large vaults of correspondence of some prominent member, but also public archives in Spain provides several types of documents containing private letters: notarial records and files from court cases do contain a good number of letters. A very important source for Spanish emigrant letters, because they were written by the greatest number of different letter writers, stem from solicitations for emigration licences, which were required by Spanish subjects in order to legally cross the Atlantic Ocean. Depending on the varying contexts of their archiving, the analysis of the letters' contents requires different methods and peculiar precautions and aspects have to be reflected to reach an acceptable degree of hermeneutical understanding of each single text. The private and intimate, innate to the form of private or familiar letters as a genre, stand in a fascinating contrast to the manifold public contexts present from the production of the letter itself, to the transport, reshipment, lecture, all the way to its archiving (and lecture by the modern scholar). The central corpus of analysis are the mentioned letters from emigration solicitudes, commonly called cartas de llamada or recruitment letters. With their help, hopeful solicitors tried to prove that their husbands wanted them in order to reunite in their new home, or that a relative (quite often an uncle or cousin) wanted them to come and had work to offer. Letters of this type were also the basis of the most important existing edition of emigrant letters by Enrique Otte from 1988, a work which is generally considered the spark that triggered interest in such letters as historical sources within the historiography of Spanish America. His work, which was limited to the years 1540-1614, was followed by several other editions of emigrant letters, some of them also using cartas de llamada. However, none of these editions offered a systematical comparison of the existing editions or tried to exhaustively identify the archival series containing such letters. Most editions also made very limited use of the documents surrounding the letters in the solicitudes. Last - but not least - one has to state a complete chaos concerning the practice and standards for the edition of the original documents, which differ considerably - methodologically and qualitatively. This study, thus, also makes an effort to develop a solid basis for possible future editions. Searching in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, 1213 hitherto unknown and unpublished letters could be added to the 1017 cartas de llamada already published in other editions. This study analysis this closed corpus quantitatively in demographic and temporal-spatial aspects and qualitatively tries to answer question about the use of the letters in the keeping-up of familiar ties and organization of chain-emigration. Special attention is also given to the communicative behaviour of the emigrants, which is studied both qualitatively - by taking a look at the strategies employed to secure the transoceanic contact despite the many obstacles like wars, shipwrecking, and lack of infrastructure - and quantitatively - by comparing the time needed for full circuits of correspondence, frequency of letter writing, etc.

Hauptsächliches Interesse dieser Arbeit ist eine methodologische Analyse aus quellenkritischer Sicht von Privatbriefen spanischer Emigranten, die diese aus Amerika an ihre Freunde und Verwandten in Europa schickten, sowie eine detaillierte Kritik der bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Beiträge zu diesem Thema. Dabei stehen besonders das Verhältnis und die verwaschenen Grenzen zwischen Privatheit und Öffentlichkeit, zwischen authentischem, intimem Seelenspiegel und sorgsam inszeniertem Instrument im Vordergrund. Emigrantenbriefe sind aus einer großen Bandbreite verschiedenster archivarischer Bestände auf uns gekommen: aus Privatarchiven des Adels und bekannter Persönlichkeiten, aus Archiven von Handelshäusern und Handelsinstitutionen, in Notariatsakten, Gerichtsakten, sowie in besonders großer Zahl im Rahmen von Anträgen auf Lizenzen zur Überfahrt nach Las Indias. Je nach Art des archivarischen Zusammenhangs weisen diese Privatbriefe unterschiedliche Qualitäten auf, die bestimmter methodologischer Zugangsweisen bedürfen und unterschiedliche Aussagen zulassen. Besonders interessant ist dabei das komplexe Verhältnis zwischen Privatheit und verschiedensten Formen der Öffentlichkeit, sei es bereits bei der Entstehung der Briefe, sei es der schleichende Übergang individueller Briefe zu standardisierten Schriftstücken für bestimmte Zwecke oder Prozesse von Selektion, je nachdem, aus welchem Grund die Briefe archiviert wurden - das Archiv allein macht bereits aus dem intimsten Privatbrief etwas Öffentliches. Besonders die öffentliche Verwendung von Briefen in einem Gerichtsakt der Inquisition hat sich diesbezüglich als sehr aufschlussreich herausgestellt Im Speziellen wird ein Bestand von Briefen vollständig aufgearbeitet, der zu den bekanntesten privaten Emigrantenbriefen des kolonialen Hispanoamerika gehört: die sogenannten cartas de llamada oder Anwerbebriefe. Mit Hilfe dieser Briefe wiesen die Antragsteller und Antragstellerinnen nach, dass ihr Ehegatte sie zu sich rief oder ein Verwandter für ihr wirtschaftliches und soziales Fortkommen sorgen würde. Briefe dieser Art waren die Grundlage der wichtigsten einschlägigen Briefedition von Enrique Otte Ende der 1980er-Jahre, die das Interesse an dieser Quelle in der hispanoamerikanistischen Geschichtsforschung entscheidend beeinflusste. Mehrere weitere Briefeditionen folgten. Allerdings wurden die Bestände an cartas de llamada nicht systematisch aufgearbeitet und das sie umgebende Dokumentmaterial (Lizenzanträge) sowie die zum Verständnis notwendigen die legalen Bestimmungen zur Emigration nicht konsequent in die Analyse eingebunden. Desweiteren herrscht in der Editionspraxis ein regelrechtes Chaos, was die Standards bei der Transkription der Originaldokumente betrifft, sodass der Versuch unternommen wurde, eine solide und auch für weitere Editionen tragfähige Vorgangsweise zu entwickeln. Als Quellenmaterial wurden die entsprechenden Bestände im Archivo General de Indias systematisch durchsucht. Dabei konnten zahlreiche Angaben zu bereits edierten Briefen berichtigt werden und 1213 zuvor unedierte Briefe wurden transkribiert. Das so gesammelte Material wurde sowohl quantitativ nach demographischen und räumlichen Mustern untersucht, als auch hinsichtlich inhaltlicher Aussagen zu verschiedenen Aspekten historischen Interesses ausgewertet. Einen privilegierten Rang unter diesen untersuchten Elementen nahm das Kommunikationsverhalten der Emigranten selbst ein: Briefumlaufzeiten, Frequenz der Kommunikation, Postwege, Transportmittel und Strategien, um ungeachtet von Kommunikationshürden (Schiffbrüche, Kriege, schlechte Infrastruktur…) den Kontakt zur Alten Welt aufrecht zu erhalten.

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What is special about friendship as it develops in writers' letters from the Romantic period onwards? If writers' friendly correspondence is not just literature, what are the specific features of writers' epistolary friendships? What kind of friendship is revealed in the letters exchanged between letter-writers?

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This volume brings together 474 letters that Luciano Anceschi and Oreste Macrí wrote each other for 50 years. The strong point of the deep (and maybe unexpected) friendship between the two critics – based on the shared and fierce activism, on the common outlook of an «uncompromising humanism» – is curiously a dialectical progression that almost always excludes the perspective of a total agreement. It is a dialogue that springs from differences, and that exhorts to think about them. After the Second World War, the protagonists of the correspondence started to relaxedly discuss about the present and future of the European cultural civilization, the meaning of a literature that seems to illustrate a permanent state of crisis, and the events that gave life to the literary debate until the threshold of the new millennium, between post-hermetic tendencies and new experimentalisms.

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This volume brings together 474 letters that Luciano Anceschi and Oreste Macrí wrote each other for 50 years. The strong point of the deep (and maybe unexpected) friendship between the two critics – based on the shared and fierce activism, on the common outlook of an «uncompromising humanism» – is curiously a dialectical progression that almost always excludes the perspective of a total agreement. It is a dialogue that springs from differences, and that exhorts to think about them. After the Second World War, the protagonists of the correspondence started to relaxedly discuss about the present and future of the European cultural civilization, the meaning of a literature that seems to illustrate a permanent state of crisis, and the events that gave life to the literary debate until the threshold of the new millennium, between post-hermetic tendencies and new experimentalisms.

Listed by Unglue.it.

This volume brings together 474 letters that Luciano Anceschi and Oreste Macrí wrote each other for 50 years. The strong point of the deep (and maybe unexpected) friendship between the two critics – based on the shared and fierce activism, on the common outlook of an «uncompromising humanism» – is curiously a dialectical progression that almost always excludes the perspective of a total agreement. It is a dialogue that springs from differences, and that exhorts to think about them. After the Second World War, the protagonists of the correspondence started to relaxedly discuss about the present and future of the European cultural civilization, the meaning of a literature that seems to illustrate a permanent state of crisis, and the events that gave life to the literary debate until the threshold of the new millennium, between post-hermetic tendencies and new experimentalisms.

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This volume presents the correspondence between Luigi Baldacci and Franco Fortini currently preserved in Florence, at the Archivio Contemporaneo Alessandro Bonsanti del Gabinetto Scientifico Letterario G.P. Vieusseux, and in Siena, at the Archivio del Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Franco Fortini. In addition to exchanges on specific authors or events (Noventa, Leopardi, Contini, Papini and the avant-garde, Bontempelli, Aldo Braibanti’s trial, etc.), the comparison and in some cases the clash between the two interlocutors pivots on the role of literary criticism in years of a profound cultural crisis and transformation in Italy. Both still place a high value on the figure of the intellectual and of the literary critic, as long as his role is exercised in full awareness of the contradictions that characterize it.

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