- Inasmuch as the scene of this story is that historic pile, Belpher Castle, in the county of Hampshire, it would be an agreeable task to open it with a leisurely descrip-tion of the place, followed by some notes on the history of the Earls of Marshmoreton, who have owned it since the fifteenth century. Unfortunately, in these days of rush and hurry, a novelist works at a disadvan-tage. He must leap into the middle of his tale with as little delay as he would employ in boarding a moving tramcar. He must get off the mark with the smooth swiftness of a jack-rabbit surprised while lunching. Otherwise, people throw him aside and go out to picture palaces. I may briefly remark that the present Lord Marshmore-ton is a widower of some forty-eight years: that he has two children-a son, Percy Wilbraham Marsh, Lord Belpher, who is on the brink of his twenty-first birth-day, and a daughter, Lady Patricia Maud Marsh, who is just twenty: that the chatelaine of the castle is Lady Caroline Byng, Lord Marshmoreton's sister, who married the very wealthy colliery owner, Clifford Byng, a few years before his death (which unkind people say she hastened): and that she has a step-son, Reginald. Give me time to mention these few facts and I am done. On the glorious past of the Marshmoretons I will not even touch.

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The immense ideological significance that the city of Rome held since the times of the late republic corresponded until the 2nd century AD with the actual supremacy of the urbs within the Imperium Romanum: Rome was the place where socially and politically influential players and groups met; it was where they tried to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding and agreement through complex ways of interaction. Until well into the imperial era the senatorial aristocracy considered the interacting presence of Rome as a major constant of their lifestyle. At least until the 1st century AD the emperors could not disengage themselves from the reference framework that the city was. Therefore, the forms and the reasons for aristocratic and imperial absence are of particular interest. Which role the absence of Rome played in the system of aristocratic interaction and which implications it had for politics and the society of the late republic and the early imperial era is the subject of the present study. Astrid Habenstein's work was awarded by the Historical Institute at the University of Bern with the prize for the best PhD-thesis in 2012.

Der immensen ideellen Bedeutung, die der Stadt Rom seit der späten Republik zugemessen wurde, entsprach bis in das 2. Jhd. n. Chr. die reale Vorrangstellung der urbs im Imperium Romanum: In Rom trafen die gesellschaftlich und politisch maßgebenden Akteure und Gruppen aufeinander, hier versuchten sie in Form komplexer Interaktionen gegenseitiges Verständnis und Einvernehmen herzustellen. Bis in die Kaiserzeit betrachtete die Senatsaristokratie die interagierende Präsenz in Rom als wesentliche Größe ihrer Lebensführung. Zumindest im 1. Jhd. n. Chr. konnten sich auch die Kaiser nicht vom Referenzrahmen der Stadt lösen. Umso interessanter sind Formen und Anlässe aristokratischer oder kaiserlicher Absenz. Welche Funktionen die Abwesenheit von Rom im System der aristokratischen Interaktion hatte und welche Implikationen dies für Politik und Gesellschaft der späten Republik und frühen Kaiserzeit mit sich brachte, ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie. Die Arbeit wurde 2012 mit dem Preis des Historischen Instituts der Universität Bern für die beste Dissertation des Jahres 2012 ausgezeichnet.

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How did nobility try to live up to its exalted social position? With this volume, the Institut für niederrheinische Kulturgeschichte und Regionalentwicklung (InKuR) at the University of Duisburg-Essen, in cooperation with Gerd Dethlefs, has focused on the culture of nobility in the Lower Rhine-Westphalian region. The focus lies on the methods of conflict resolution within this social class in the Middle Ages and early modern period, from duels to court proceedings. Furthermore, an exhibition at the Ruhr Museum on the nobility in the Ruhr region, which was on display in the city of Essen in 2021/22, is presented. Other contributions are dealing with the Christian missionization of the Lower Rhine region and the siege of the city of Moers by Royal Spanish troops during the Eighty Years' War. A fundamental account of the relationship between the Dutch and German languages rounds off the volume.

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This study focuses on the relationship between nobility and freemasonry from 1750 to 1850. It examines the specific role of an esoteric discourse surrounding the roots of the human race, centring on legendary constructions of noble genealogies in eighteenth century Europe. The aristocratic idea of blood as a type of »liquid memory of virtue« was also found in the freemason lodges frequented by the European nobility of the eighteenth century. Both groups therefore believed in educational systems that used rites, pictures and symbols to imprint the virtues in ones blood and heart respectively. The foundation of this belief – strongly combined with an interest in occult sciences and the existence of an afterlife – can be seen in the antique »art of memory«.The example of an aristocratic lodge in Düsseldorf shows how these ›research interests‹ overlapped within masonic and non-masonic networks of European noblemen and citizens. In the perspective of Rhenish noblemen in the mid of the eighteenth century freemasonry took the role of an educational system that improved the qualities of the noble blood to secure the leading position of nobility in the God-given »Ständegesellschaft«. The aristocratic lodge La Parfaite Amitié therefore was not only dominated by Rhenish noblemen but also by cousinship. As a consequence, it struggled to become a »provincial lodge«, which had a stronger jurisdictional position in comparison with the civil-lodge of Düsseldorf.The second example is the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773– 1861), from the Napoleonic period. Born in the Ancient Regime to an aristocratic familiy of the lower Rhineland, Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck faced the extensive changes for the nobility of the Rhineland, caused by the French Revolution and the French occupation of the area. Together with his second wife, the Parisian Salonier Constance de Salm, he became a prominent person in the Napoleonic era. He not only acted as an influential scientist of systematic botany, as a politician and states-man but also as a high-ranking freemason in several rites, especially in the Rit écossais philosophique.This masonic system can be seen as a ›scientific‹ one built upon the traditions of alchemistical and hermetical circles of the Ancient Regime. The Napoleonic period saw the occult sciences increasingly outdated and replaced by modern natural sciences. The methods considered as »exact« in the nineteenth century subsequently formed the perspective of civil dominated societies and its lodges on masonic rites and grades. In the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck, the Rit écossais philosophique was crossed with his network as a natural scientist, resulting in masonry being seen not only as an educational system but also as an exact way to uncover the »hidden roots« of the human soul and to assess the respective qualities of it. These tendencies were strongly influenced by the natural sciences outside the masonic sphere, which in parallel tried to uncover the »hidden roots« of the nations with the pseudo-scientific concepts of »race«.The civil lodges of the Napoleonic era and afterwards, with their strong emphasis on the nation, could no longer be seen as a retreat for noble man and their exclusive ideology ofnoble blood. The majority of the Rhenish nobility therefore turned away from the lodges in order to maintain a conservative view of itself in exclusively noble circles which still believed in the quality of the noble blood and its inherited race.

Welche Rolle spielte das »Esoterische« für die Selbstsicht der adlig-bürgerlichen Eliten beim Übergang zur Moderne? Dieser Frage geht die Studie Martin Otto Brauns mit dem Titel »An den Wurzeln der Tugend. Rheinischer Adel und Freimaurerei 1765–1815« nach. Auf der Grundlage der mythischen Geschichtskonstruktionen von Genealogien des rheinischen Adels sowie des Geheimbunds der Freimaurerei zeichnet der Autor die parallel zu den Entwicklungen der Naturwissenschaften verlaufende Transformation der Vorstellung vom tugendhaften »Adel des Blutes« hin zum bürgerlichen »Adel des Intellekts« nach. Die Studie kann dabei zeigen, wie der esoterische Gehalt des frühneuzeitlichen Bildes von Wachstum und Fortschritt des Familienstammbaums sich um 1800 mehr und mehr auf die Konzepte »Nation« und »Volk« im Gesamten ausweitete. Das esoterische Denken hielt sich auf dieser Grundlage bis in die Moderne und sollte vorhandene rassische Vorstellungen adlig-bürgerlicher Eliten der »Sattelzeit« nachhaltig prägen.Martin Otto Braun promovierte im Fach Neuere und Mittelalterliche Geschichte an der Universität zu Köln und war Doktorand in der Forschergruppe »Aufbruch in die Moderne. Der Rheinische Adel in westeuropäischer Perspektive 1750–1850« des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Gudrun Gersmann. Er ist Autor und Mitherausgeber der durch die Fritz Thyssen Stiftung geförderten »Netzbiografie: Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773–1861)«.Er veröffentlicht Beiträge zu seiner Forschung in den Blogs »EsoHist. A blogged history of esotericism and secret societies« (Facebook: EsoHist), »Rheinischer Adel« und »Napoleon auf der Spur«.Webseite: http://uni-koeln.academia.edu/MBraun

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This study focuses on the relationship between nobility and freemasonry from 1750 to 1850. It examines the specific role of an esoteric discourse surrounding the roots of the human race, centring on legendary constructions of noble genealogies in eighteenth century Europe. The aristocratic idea of blood as a type of »liquid memory of virtue« was also found in the freemason lodges frequented by the European nobility of the eighteenth century. Both groups therefore believed in educational systems that used rites, pictures and symbols to imprint the virtues in ones blood and heart respectively. The foundation of this belief – strongly combined with an interest in occult sciences and the existence of an afterlife – can be seen in the antique »art of memory«.The example of an aristocratic lodge in Düsseldorf shows how these ›research interests‹ overlapped within masonic and non-masonic networks of European noblemen and citizens. In the perspective of Rhenish noblemen in the mid of the eighteenth century freemasonry took the role of an educational system that improved the qualities of the noble blood to secure the leading position of nobility in the God-given »Ständegesellschaft«. The aristocratic lodge La Parfaite Amitié therefore was not only dominated by Rhenish noblemen but also by cousinship. As a consequence, it struggled to become a »provincial lodge«, which had a stronger jurisdictional position in comparison with the civil-lodge of Düsseldorf.The second example is the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773– 1861), from the Napoleonic period. Born in the Ancient Regime to an aristocratic familiy of the lower Rhineland, Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck faced the extensive changes for the nobility of the Rhineland, caused by the French Revolution and the French occupation of the area. Together with his second wife, the Parisian Salonier Constance de Salm, he became a prominent person in the Napoleonic era. He not only acted as an influential scientist of systematic botany, as a politician and states-man but also as a high-ranking freemason in several rites, especially in the Rit écossais philosophique.This masonic system can be seen as a ›scientific‹ one built upon the traditions of alchemistical and hermetical circles of the Ancient Regime. The Napoleonic period saw the occult sciences increasingly outdated and replaced by modern natural sciences. The methods considered as »exact« in the nineteenth century subsequently formed the perspective of civil dominated societies and its lodges on masonic rites and grades. In the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck, the Rit écossais philosophique was crossed with his network as a natural scientist, resulting in masonry being seen not only as an educational system but also as an exact way to uncover the »hidden roots« of the human soul and to assess the respective qualities of it. These tendencies were strongly influenced by the natural sciences outside the masonic sphere, which in parallel tried to uncover the »hidden roots« of the nations with the pseudo-scientific concepts of »race«.The civil lodges of the Napoleonic era and afterwards, with their strong emphasis on the nation, could no longer be seen as a retreat for noble man and their exclusive ideology ofnoble blood. The majority of the Rhenish nobility therefore turned away from the lodges in order to maintain a conservative view of itself in exclusively noble circles which still believed in the quality of the noble blood and its inherited race.

Welche Rolle spielte das »Esoterische« für die Selbstsicht der adlig-bürgerlichen Eliten beim Übergang zur Moderne? Dieser Frage geht die Studie Martin Otto Brauns mit dem Titel »An den Wurzeln der Tugend. Rheinischer Adel und Freimaurerei 1765–1815« nach. Auf der Grundlage der mythischen Geschichtskonstruktionen von Genealogien des rheinischen Adels sowie des Geheimbunds der Freimaurerei zeichnet der Autor die parallel zu den Entwicklungen der Naturwissenschaften verlaufende Transformation der Vorstellung vom tugendhaften »Adel des Blutes« hin zum bürgerlichen »Adel des Intellekts« nach. Die Studie kann dabei zeigen, wie der esoterische Gehalt des frühneuzeitlichen Bildes von Wachstum und Fortschritt des Familienstammbaums sich um 1800 mehr und mehr auf die Konzepte »Nation« und »Volk« im Gesamten ausweitete. Das esoterische Denken hielt sich auf dieser Grundlage bis in die Moderne und sollte vorhandene rassische Vorstellungen adlig-bürgerlicher Eliten der »Sattelzeit« nachhaltig prägen.Martin Otto Braun promovierte im Fach Neuere und Mittelalterliche Geschichte an der Universität zu Köln und war Doktorand in der Forschergruppe »Aufbruch in die Moderne. Der Rheinische Adel in westeuropäischer Perspektive 1750–1850« des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Gudrun Gersmann. Er ist Autor und Mitherausgeber der durch die Fritz Thyssen Stiftung geförderten »Netzbiografie: Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773–1861)«.Er veröffentlicht Beiträge zu seiner Forschung in den Blogs »EsoHist. A blogged history of esotericism and secret societies« (Facebook: EsoHist), »Rheinischer Adel« und »Napoleon auf der Spur«.Webseite: http://uni-koeln.academia.edu/MBraun

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This study focuses on the relationship between nobility and freemasonry from 1750 to 1850. It examines the specific role of an esoteric discourse surrounding the roots of the human race, centring on legendary constructions of noble genealogies in eighteenth century Europe. The aristocratic idea of blood as a type of »liquid memory of virtue« was also found in the freemason lodges frequented by the European nobility of the eighteenth century. Both groups therefore believed in educational systems that used rites, pictures and symbols to imprint the virtues in ones blood and heart respectively. The foundation of this belief – strongly combined with an interest in occult sciences and the existence of an afterlife – can be seen in the antique »art of memory«.The example of an aristocratic lodge in Düsseldorf shows how these ›research interests‹ overlapped within masonic and non-masonic networks of European noblemen and citizens. In the perspective of Rhenish noblemen in the mid of the eighteenth century freemasonry took the role of an educational system that improved the qualities of the noble blood to secure the leading position of nobility in the God-given »Ständegesellschaft«. The aristocratic lodge La Parfaite Amitié therefore was not only dominated by Rhenish noblemen but also by cousinship. As a consequence, it struggled to become a »provincial lodge«, which had a stronger jurisdictional position in comparison with the civil-lodge of Düsseldorf.The second example is the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773– 1861), from the Napoleonic period. Born in the Ancient Regime to an aristocratic familiy of the lower Rhineland, Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck faced the extensive changes for the nobility of the Rhineland, caused by the French Revolution and the French occupation of the area. Together with his second wife, the Parisian Salonier Constance de Salm, he became a prominent person in the Napoleonic era. He not only acted as an influential scientist of systematic botany, as a politician and states-man but also as a high-ranking freemason in several rites, especially in the Rit écossais philosophique.This masonic system can be seen as a ›scientific‹ one built upon the traditions of alchemistical and hermetical circles of the Ancient Regime. The Napoleonic period saw the occult sciences increasingly outdated and replaced by modern natural sciences. The methods considered as »exact« in the nineteenth century subsequently formed the perspective of civil dominated societies and its lodges on masonic rites and grades. In the masonic network of Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck, the Rit écossais philosophique was crossed with his network as a natural scientist, resulting in masonry being seen not only as an educational system but also as an exact way to uncover the »hidden roots« of the human soul and to assess the respective qualities of it. These tendencies were strongly influenced by the natural sciences outside the masonic sphere, which in parallel tried to uncover the »hidden roots« of the nations with the pseudo-scientific concepts of »race«.The civil lodges of the Napoleonic era and afterwards, with their strong emphasis on the nation, could no longer be seen as a retreat for noble man and their exclusive ideology ofnoble blood. The majority of the Rhenish nobility therefore turned away from the lodges in order to maintain a conservative view of itself in exclusively noble circles which still believed in the quality of the noble blood and its inherited race.

Welche Rolle spielte das »Esoterische« für die Selbstsicht der adlig-bürgerlichen Eliten beim Übergang zur Moderne? Dieser Frage geht die Studie Martin Otto Brauns mit dem Titel »An den Wurzeln der Tugend. Rheinischer Adel und Freimaurerei 1765–1815« nach. Auf der Grundlage der mythischen Geschichtskonstruktionen von Genealogien des rheinischen Adels sowie des Geheimbunds der Freimaurerei zeichnet der Autor die parallel zu den Entwicklungen der Naturwissenschaften verlaufende Transformation der Vorstellung vom tugendhaften »Adel des Blutes« hin zum bürgerlichen »Adel des Intellekts« nach. Die Studie kann dabei zeigen, wie der esoterische Gehalt des frühneuzeitlichen Bildes von Wachstum und Fortschritt des Familienstammbaums sich um 1800 mehr und mehr auf die Konzepte »Nation« und »Volk« im Gesamten ausweitete. Das esoterische Denken hielt sich auf dieser Grundlage bis in die Moderne und sollte vorhandene rassische Vorstellungen adlig-bürgerlicher Eliten der »Sattelzeit« nachhaltig prägen.Martin Otto Braun promovierte im Fach Neuere und Mittelalterliche Geschichte an der Universität zu Köln und war Doktorand in der Forschergruppe »Aufbruch in die Moderne. Der Rheinische Adel in westeuropäischer Perspektive 1750–1850« des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Gudrun Gersmann. Er ist Autor und Mitherausgeber der durch die Fritz Thyssen Stiftung geförderten »Netzbiografie: Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773–1861)«.Er veröffentlicht Beiträge zu seiner Forschung in den Blogs »EsoHist. A blogged history of esotericism and secret societies« (Facebook: EsoHist), »Rheinischer Adel« und »Napoleon auf der Spur«.Webseite: http://uni-koeln.academia.edu/MBraun

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With its explorations of sexual ambivalence, As You Like Itspeaks directly to the twenty-first century. Juliet Dusinberre demonstrates that Rosalind's authority in the play grows from new ideas about women and reveals that Shakespeare's heroine reinvents herself for every age. But the play is also deeply rooted in Elizabethan culture, and through it Shakespeare addresses some of the hotly debated issues of the period. Dusinberre's introduction begins with a brief analysis of the play to preface a vast and thorough exploration of characters, cultural context, sources, setting, staging, literary and legendary influences, themes of love, politics, and gender, and more. Images, illustrations, and a casting and doubling chart appear throughout the introduction and within the five appendices. The Arden Shakespearehas developed a reputation as the pre-eminent critical edition of Shakespeare for its exceptional scholarship, reflected in the thoroughness of each volume. An introduction comprehensively contextualizes the play, chronicling the history and culture that surrounded and influenced Shakespeare at the time of its writing and performance, and closely surveying critical approaches to the work. Detailed appendices address problems like dating and casting, and analyze the differing Quarto and Folio sources. A full commentary by one or more of the play's foremost contemporary scholars illuminates the text, glossing unfamiliar terms and drawing from an abundance of research and expertise to explain allusions and significant background information. Highly informative and accessible, Arden offers the fullest experience of Shakespeare available to a reader.

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The first of five volumes presents the younger son of Tyrolean country gentry as a squire bustling striving for social advancement. After unsteady years as a noble warrior, crusader and expert for public administration with the Bishop of Brixen, with his admittance to the Service of King Sigmund of Luxemburg he achieves a special role between the sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire and the Tyrolean nobility which rebelled against his Austrian Duke Friedrich IV.

Der erste Band der fünfbändigen Buchreihe stellt den jüngeren Sohn aus landsässiger Tiroler Adelsfamilie als einen umtriebig um Aufstieg bemühten Junker vor. Nach unsteten Jahren als adeliger Krieger, Kreuzfahrer und Verwaltungsfachmann beim Bischof von Brixen gewinnt er mit seiner Aufnahme in die Dienste König Sigmunds von Luxemburg eine Sonderstellung zwischen dem Reichsoberhaupt und dem gegen seinen österreichischen Landesfürsten rebellierenden Tiroler Adel.

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While the first volume presented a younger son of a family of Tyrolese nobility, who strived after social advancement throughout Europe and who succeeded to act the part of a special advisor in service of the sovereign, the documents of his life in the second volume concentrate primarily on feuds, captivities and resolution of conflicts in Tyrol. The conflict over the heritage of Hauenstein leads to captivity, provisional release, appeal to the king, further imprisonment and humiliating submission to the duke of Tyrol. Finally Oswald is granted a reprieve and acquires the property of Hauenstein.

Hatte der erste Band einen jüngeren Sohn aus Tiroler Adelsfamilie vorgestellt, der sich umtriebig in ganz Europa um Aufsteig bemühte und dem es gelang, die Rolle eines Sonderberaters im Dienst des Reichsoberhaupts zu spielen, so konzentrieren sich die "Lebenszeugnisse" des zweiten Bandes vornehmlich auf Fehden, Gefangenschaften und Konfliktlösungen im Land Tirol. Die Auseinandersetzung um den eigenen Anteil am Hauensteinischen Erbe wird gegen den Willen des Wolkensteiners mit seiner Opposition gegen den "österreichischen" Souveränitätsanspruch seines Landesfürsten Herzog Friedrich IV. verquickt. Gefangenschaft, befristete Freilassung zur Beilegung seiner privaten Fehde, Anrufung des Königs und Asylsuche bei den Grafen von Görz, schließlich neuerliche, lebensbedrohende Gefangenschaft und demütigende Unterwerfung prägen diesen Lebensabschnitt, der schließlich mit der Begnadigung durch den Landesfürsten und dem Erwerb des gesamten Hauensteinischen Besitzes einen positiven Abschluss findet.

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The historical source materials edited in the 3rd volume, which were collected in more than 40 archives and libraries in Austria, Italy, Germany, Czechia and Switzerland, present Oswald von Wolkenstein as a legal expert, warrior, diplomat, princely servant as well as unrestless politician. He is at feuds with opponents in matters of legacy and engages in the Vehmic courts as a juryman, but is also a versatile servant of the King, princely counsellor and tenacious judge. Through his important role in the local judicature, he achieves high reputation in Tyrol.

Das im 3. Band edierte Quellenmaterial aus Archiven und Bibliotheken Österreichs, Italiens, Deutschlands, Tschechiens und der Schweiz präsentiert Oswald von Wolkenstein als Rechtssachverständigen, Krieger, Diplomaten, Fürstendiener und unermüdlichen Politiker. Er führt Fehden und betätigt sich als Freischöffe der Feme, aber auch als wendiger Diener des Königs, umsichtiger Fürstenberater und zäher Prozessführer. In Tirol gelangt er durch seine bedeutende Rolle im heimischen Rechtsleben zu hohem Ansehen.

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The Tyrolean knight Oswald von Wolkenstein (ca 1376 - 1445) is considered to be the most important German poet and composer of the Late Middle Ages. Besides his songs and compositions more than 1000 documents bear evidence of his chivalrous career and the medieval life of the lower nobility in all its social, economic and legal details. This exceptional historical attestation came down to us in ca 40 archives spread all over Austria, Italy, Germany and neighbouring countries. Partly known and with exceptions not published before this five volume edition presents the material in a totally new edition following the rules of historic-diplomatic editions, based on new transcriptions and accompanied by source descriptions as well as ample commentaries. Volume IV comprises the years 1438 to 1442, a period that shows how Wolkenstein is establishing himself as a leading member oft Tyrolean nobility, renown as legal adviser as well as a land-owner involved in arguments.

Der Tiroler Adelige Oswald von Wolkenstein (um 1376 - 1445) gilt als einzigartiger Exponent der spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Lyrik. Neben seinem literarisch-musikalischen Werk hat er der Nachwelt noch eine historische Überlieferung hinterlassen, die Beachtung verdient. Sie soll in einem fünfbändigen Werk, dessen 4. Band hier vorgelegt wird, ediert und kommentiert werden. Aus Briefen, Urkunden und Akten lassen sich ebenso eine individuelle ritterliche Karriere wie das standestypische Leben des mittelalterlichen Herrenstandes mit seinen sozialen Vernetzungen, ökonomischen Grundlagen und rechtlichen Möglichkeiten ablesen. Die Texte wurden in rund 40 in- und ausländischen Archiven ausgehoben, von Grund auf neu transkribiert, beschrieben, nach einheitlichen Editionsprinzipien bearbeitet und von detaillierten Kommentaren begleitet. Band 4 umfasst die Zeit von 1438 bis 1442 und zeigt den Wolkensteiner vor allem als streitbaren Grundherrn, als Rechtssachverständigen und zunehmend als bedeutenden Politiker in der Grafschaft Tirol.

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This volume sheds light on the role played by progeny in maintaining dynasties in early modern royal courts. It attempts to break through the narrative of older research that saw dynasties as a series of male rulers. Instead, these contributions focus on how progeny were viewed at the time.

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The untold story of how a medieval guild united the worlds of commerce and religion and changed local life and international influence on the eve of the Reformation. Forging Fraternity in Late Medieval Society is an ambitious and innovative study of the social, political and religious histories of medieval England and Wales. Using the Palmers’ Guild of Ludlow as a prism, it sets out to consider the almost ubiquitous membership of religious guilds in both urban and rural society on the eve of the Reformation. With over 18,000 members recorded in the guild’s massive extant archive, drawn from across the social spectrum and spread throughout Wales, England, Iberia, Ireland and France, the Palmers offer a unique opportunity to investigate the interplay between institutions and individuals in the Middle Ages. Why did thousands of men and women join this particular organization in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? What influenced people’s decision to become a member, how can we reconstruct these decisions from surviving documents, and what do they reveal about the communities that made up late medieval society? By posing these questions, this book charts individual and collective experiences, reconstructing the life-stages, political circumstances, and social pressures incumbent on individuals as they engaged in a moral and fiscal commitment to a guild. Departing from traditional guild studies, Forging Fraternity crosses conventional historiographical boundaries to reconceptualise guild membership as both a structure for and mirror of complex social relations and identities, demonstrating with ingenuity how medieval sources can be put to use in unconventional ways.

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This book focuses on one of the prime movers in the unification of Lunigiana – a region which at the time was still broken up into a myriad of tiny feudal holdings, almost all in the hands of the various branches of the Malaspina family. The process of unification began in the fifteenth century, when various areas of the region were conquered by Milan and Florence, which also divided between them the hegemony of the remaining independent territories, while Genoa too displayed an interest in expansion in the region. As a result it became crucial for the local lords to manoeuvre between the various forces at play to maintain the independence of their own little states. Among the figures who displayed the greatest dexterity in this was Gabriele Malaspina, who became a leading player on the stage of local history. The book starts by illustrating the period in which Malaspina succeeded in obtaining his political independence, and then goes on to analyse the phase in which his policy came to be characterised by an absolute loyalty to Florence. Finally the book addresses the last part of the Marquis's life, marked by a progressive distancing from the Florentine alliance in favour of other entities, in which he nevertheless always succeeded in maintaining his independence.

Al centro di questo volume è uno degli attori principali nel processo di riunificazione della Lunigiana – regione allora suddivisa in tante piccole signorie, quasi tutte nelle mani dei vari rami della famiglia Malaspina – che avvenne nel XV secolo, quando Milano e Firenze vi conquistarono diversi territori e si spartirono l'egemonia sui restanti territori autonomi, mentre anche Genova si mostrò interessata all'espansione in quella zona. Per i signori locali divenne quindi fondamentale riuscire a destreggiarsi fra le varie forze in gioco per mantenere l'indipendenza del proprio piccolo stato, e fra i personaggi che più risaltano per questa loro abilità e per il ruolo giocato nella storia locale spicca Gabriele Malaspina. Il libro inizia mostrando la situazione della Lunigiana al momento in cui il Malaspina ottenne la propria indipendenza politica, per poi analizzare il periodo in cui la politica marchionale si caratterizzò per la sua assoluta fedeltà all'amicizia fiorentina, e quindi la parte finale della vita del marchese, in cui si assiste a un progressivo allontanamento dall'alleanza fiorentina in favore di altri soggetti, ma in cui riuscì sempre a mantenere la sua indipendenza.

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This study is a first attempt to examine the part of women in the social networking at the court. My starting point is the thesis, that only a new phrasing of the concept of the distinction between "public" and "privacy" will adduce an useful model for interpretation of the role of women in the courtly society.This is the background of my examination of a group of women of the courtly society, the female officeholders at the court of Vienna in the first half of the 17th century. In the description of this group, I began with the study of motivations for the service in the Empress's entourage. Also I examined the regional and familial background of these women, the official duties and the everyday life at court. Finally I can show backed by many examples scopes of action for these women and their possibilities to make careers. As a result of my study I can make four major points:Firstly, I can observe at European courts at least two different types of entourages of princesses (Frauenhofstaate). Therein, the Viennese court was representative for the courts of the Holy Roman Empire and some others such as Denmark and Sweden. Secondly, I can demonstrate that the entourage of the Empress was included in the developing process of a Habsburgian courtly aristocracy (habsburgischer Hofadel) with regard to the families and to the regional origins of the female officeholders. Thirdly, the study describes for the first time the responsibilities of female officeholders and their place in the courtly norms system. Fourthly, I am able to describe the female officeholders in different forms of activity in family networks which were constitutive for the courtly society and for the protection of family careers, too.To complete my study, I have included an appendix of sources with the aim to stimulate further comparative researches. Besides this, the book includes short biographies for the 193 female officeholders whom I could identify for the first half of the 17th century. With these biographies I want to document the base of sources for the study and to make available this material for other researches about the Viennese court. The illustrations - many among them are now published for the first time - show some of the protagonists, but principally they show as a source sui generis the place of women in the frame of manifestations of the courtly society like celebrations, coronations or processions. In this way, this work has the nature of a pilot study for all European courts in early modern times.

Erstmals wird mit dieser Studie der Versuch unternommen, Handlungsspielräume von Frauen innerhalb der höfischen Adelsgesellschaft gezielt zu untersuchen. Ausgangspunkt ist dabei die Auffassung, dass nur eine Neuformulierung des - in der historischen Wissenschaft lange einseitig auf das bürgerliche Zeitalter bezogenen - Konzepts der Trennung von "Öffentlichem" und "Privatem" sinnvolle Erklärungsmuster für die Rolle von Frauen in der höfischen Gesellschaft erbringen kann.Vor diesem Hintergrund wird eine Gruppe dieser Frauen, die der Amtsträgerinnen am Wiener Hof in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts, genauer untersucht. Die Darstellung beginnt mit Motivationen für den Hofdienst, es folgen familiärer und regionaler Hintergrund der Frauen, deren Amtsobliegenheiten und der Alltag bei Hof, um schließlich anhand zahlreicher Beispiele auf Handlungsspielräume dieser Frauen sowie deren Karrieremöglichkeiten zurückzukommen. Als Ergebnisse der Untersuchung sind vier Aspekte besonders hervorzuheben: Zum einen die Beobachtung, dass sich an den europäischen Höfen mindestens zwei sehr unterschiedliche Typen von Frauenhofstaaten feststellen lassen, wobei der Wiener Hof als repräsentativ für die Höfe des Alten Reiches sowie mit diesen verbundene Höfe wie die in Dänemark und Schweden gelten muss. Zum zweiten wurde herausgearbeitet, dass das kaiserliche Frauenzimmer direkt in den Prozess der Herausbildung eines habsburgischen Hofadels einbezogen war, was die regionale und familiäre Zusammensetzung der Amtsträgerinnen betrifft. Zum dritten konnten erstmals Zuständigkeiten von Amtsträgerinnen sowie deren Position innerhalb des höfischen Normensystems differenziert beschrieben werden. Zum vierten wird das aktive Wirken von Amtsträgerinnen in familialen Netzwerken herausgearbeitet, die für das Funktionieren der höfischen Gesellschaft sowie für die Sicherung familialer Karrieren konstitutiv waren.Ergänzt wird die Darstellung durch einen Quellenanhang, der vor allem der Anregung weiterer, vergleichender Forschungen dienen soll. Außerdem enthält der Band Kurzbiographien der 193 ermittelten Amtsträgerinnen, mit denen die prosopographisch erfasste Materialgrundlage dokumentiert und das gesammelte Material für weitere Forschungen zur Wiener Hofgesellschaft zugänglich gemacht wird. Die Abbildungen, von denen viele noch nie publiziert wurden, stellen nicht nur einzelne der Akteurinnen vor, sondern visualisieren als Quelle sui generis den Platz von Frauen im Rahmen von Manifestationen der höfischen Gesellschaft wie Festen, Krönungen oder Prozessionen.In diesem thematischen und inhaltlichen Zuschnitt bildet die Arbeit eine Pilotstudie, wie sie für keinen anderen Hof Europas bislang vorliegt.

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[English]:The specific attention paid to the Florentine «civic humanism» and the success of “republican” paradigm achieved by the Anglo-American historiography are responsible, in various forms, for limiting differently historical interests in the princely and monarchical contexts of the late Middle Ages Italian peninsula. This tendency, joined with the serious documentary loss of the Naples State Archive, put so far the Seggi élites of many Southern mainland cities away on the margins of historical international debate.During the 15th century the reception of the Antiquity transformed the legitimacy languages and the power practices both of the princes and of the whole peninsula urban élites. Which auctores did they inspire to? Which is the relationship between the classicism and the institutional reform proposals?This book tries to answer to these questions, focusing on the Naples context, not deeply investigated, through the study and the critical edition of Pietro Jacopo de Jennaro’s Libro terczo de regimento de l’Opera de le medaglie. It is a book wrote between 1500 and 1504, as free comment in form of medaglie to Livy’s Ab urbe condita libri, in order to legitimize the political prominence of Seggi antiqui lineages and to propose a new mixed government. By studying this work it is possible to identify the debates developed during the Aragonese kingdom fall, concerning the relationships between representation and obedience, consensus and legitimacy, and to offer new ways to rethink the humanistic political classicism and the establishments of oligarchical urban governments between the 15th and 16th centuries.[Italiano]: La particolare attenzione riservata all’«umanesimo civile» fiorentino e l’affermarsi nella storiografia anglo-americana del paradigma “repubblicano” hanno contribuito, in forme diverse, a limitare l’interesse degli storici per i contesti principeschi e monarchici della penisola italiana nel tardo Medioevo. Questa tendenza, unita alle gravi perdite documentarie dell’Archivio di Stato di Napoli, ha relegato finora le élites ascritte ai Seggi di numerose città del Regnum ai margini del dibattito storiografico internazionale.Nel corso del Quattrocento il riuso dell’Antico non trasformò solo i linguaggi di legittimità e l’azione dei principi, ma anche quelli delle élites urbane dell’intera penisola. A quali auctores essi s’ispirarono? Qual è il rapporto tra il classicismo e i progetti di riforme istituzionali? Il volume prova a rispondere a tali quesiti, soffermandosi sul contesto napoletano, finora poco indagato, attraverso l’analisi e l’edizione critica del Libro terczo de regimento de l’Opera de le medaglie di Pietro Jacopo de Jennaro. Si tratta di un’opera composta tra il 1500 e il 1504, come libero commento in medaglie agli Ab urbe condita libri di Livio, per ridefinire la preminenza politica della più antica nobiltà dei Seggi e per proporre un nuovo modello di governo misto. Attraverso l’esame di tale opera si ripercorrono i dibattiti relativi al rapporto tra rappresentanza e obbedienza, tra consenso e legittimità negli ultimi anni del regno dei Trastámara, offrendo nuovi spunti per ripensare il classicismo politico umanistico e i processi di chiusura oligarchica tra Quattro e Cinquecento.

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Noble conceptions of politics in eighteenth-century Sweden (ca 1740–1790) is a study of how the Swedish nobility articulated its political ideals, self-images and loyalties during the Age of Liberty and under the rule of Gustav III. This book takes a close look at the aristocracy’s understanding of a free constitution and at the nobility’s complex relationship with the monarchy. Central themes are the old notion of mixed government, classical republican conceptions of liberty and patriotism, as well as noble thoughts on the rights and duties of the citizen, including the right to rebellion against an unrighteous ruler.

The study is a conceptual analysis of public and private political statements made by members of the nobility, such as Diet speeches and personal correspondence. The book contributes to the large body of research on estate-based identities and the transformation of political language in the second half of the eighteenth century by connecting Swedish political ideals and concepts to their European context.

This book is part of the Studia Fennica Historica series.

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Noble conceptions of politics in eighteenth-century Sweden (ca 1740–1790) is a study of how the Swedish nobility articulated its political ideals, self-images and loyalties during the Age of Liberty and under the rule of Gustav III. This book takes a close look at the aristocracy’s understanding of a free constitution and at the nobility’s complex relationship with the monarchy. Central themes are the old notion of mixed government, classical republican conceptions of liberty and patriotism, as well as noble thoughts on the rights and duties of the citizen, including the right to rebellion against an unrighteous ruler.

The study is a conceptual analysis of public and private political statements made by members of the nobility, such as Diet speeches and personal correspondence. The book contributes to the large body of research on estate-based identities and the transformation of political language in the second half of the eighteenth century by connecting Swedish political ideals and concepts to their European context.

This book is part of the Studia Fennica Historica series.

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Noble conceptions of politics in eighteenth-century Sweden (ca 1740–1790) is a study of how the Swedish nobility articulated its political ideals, self-images and loyalties during the Age of Liberty and under the rule of Gustav III. This book takes a close look at the aristocracy’s understanding of a free constitution and at the nobility’s complex relationship with the monarchy. Central themes are the old notion of mixed government, classical republican conceptions of liberty and patriotism, as well as noble thoughts on the rights and duties of the citizen, including the right to rebellion against an unrighteous ruler.

The study is a conceptual analysis of public and private political statements made by members of the nobility, such as Diet speeches and personal correspondence. The book contributes to the large body of research on estate-based identities and the transformation of political language in the second half of the eighteenth century by connecting Swedish political ideals and concepts to their European context.

This book is part of the Studia Fennica Historica series.

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This is the first study of noblewomen in twelfth-century England and Normandy, and of the ways in which they exercised power. It draws on a rich mix of evidence to offer an important reconceptualisation of women's role in aristocratic society, and in doing so suggests new ways of looking at lordship and the ruling elite in the high middle ages. The book considers a wide range of literary sources such as chronicles, charters, seals and governmental records to draw out a detailed picture of noblewomen in the twelfth-century Anglo-Norman realm. It asserts the importance of the life-cycle in determining the power of these aristocratic women, thereby demonstrating that the influence of gender on lordship was profound, complex and varied. This work will be of importance to specialists in history and medieval studies, as well as those interested in the experience of women and those working on lordship and feudalism.

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Anna d'Este, Tochter des Herzogs von Ferrara, Ercole d'Este, und der Renée de France, ist eine zentrale Figur der französischen Religionskriege. Christiane Coester macht ihre Biographie nun erstmals zugänglich. Sie nimmt die verschiedenen Rollen der Prinzessin ins Visier: als Tochter, Mutter und Ehefrau, als Vorsteherin eines großen Haushaltes und als politisch agierende Person innerhalb der Machtkonstellation des Hofes. Die Studie bietet so Einblicke in den Alltag der Fürstin, in gewöhnliche und außergewöhnliche Ereignisse sowie in die Beziehungen zu anderen Frauen und Männern der Zeit. Aus den oft sehr unterschiedlichen, ja sogar gegensätzlichen Sichtweisen der Quellen auf Anna d'Este entsteht ein schillerndes Gesamtbild.

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There's a divinity that shapes our ends. Consider the case of Henry Pifield Rice, detective. I must explain Henry early, to avoid disappointment. If I simply said he was a detective, and let it go at that, I should be obtaining the reader's interest under false pretences. He was really only a sort of detective, a species of sleuth. At Stafford's International Investigation Bureau, in the Strand, where he was employed, they did not require him to solve mysteries which had baffled the police. He had never measured a footprint in his life, and what he did not know about bloodstains would have filled a library. The sort of job they gave Henry was to stand outside a restaurant in the rain, and note what time someone inside left it. In short, it is not 'Pifield Rice, Investigator. No. 1.-The Adventure of the Maharajah's Ruby' that I submit to your notice, but the unsensational doings of a quite commonplace young man, variously known to his comrades at the Bureau as 'Fathead', 'That blighter what's-his-name', and 'Here, you!'

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Die spätmittelalterlichen Heroldskompendien bieten einen wesentlichen Zugang zur Geschichte des Heroldsamtes wie insgesamt zur adeligen Kultur und Lebenswelt. Neben Traktaten zum Heroldswesen enthalten sie vor allem Texte zu adeligen Zeremonien (Turniere, Gerichtskämpfe, Obsequien) wie allgemein zur Welt des Adels, dessen Hierarchien und Zeichen. Damit spiegeln sie einen wichtigen Teil der adeligen Wissenskultur wider und präsentieren sich, von der bisherigen Forschung weitgehend unbeachtet, geradezu als eine Art Grundfibel der adeligen Welt. Mit dem vorliegenden Band werden sie erstmals systematisch erschlossen und unter klaren methodischen Vorgaben analysiert, um sie schließlich vor den Hintergrund der großen gesellschaftlichen Umbrüche ihrer Zeit einzuordnen. Sich weitgehend auf terra incognita bewegend, kommt die Studie dabei zu unerwarteten Ergebnissen.

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When Baroness Emmuska Orczy wrote The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905), little did she know she was creating the super hero genre. Who is the elusive and mysterious Scarlet Pimpernel? A master of clever disguises, stealth and elegant escapes -- skills that he uses to rescue doomed French aristocrats from the guillotine during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror. His signature -- a tiny scarlet flower. The Pimpernel's true identity is unknown except to a small group of co-conspirators who work with him and together comprise the League of the Scarlet Pimpernel. Not even his wife, the beautiful Lady Marguerite Blakeney, knows that the man she is married to, an effete fop and dull-witted British dandy Sir Percy Blakeney, is a secret hero who risks his life on a daily basis in order to save countless others. A vibrant adventure awaits the reader -- heart-pounding narrow escapes, clever repartee and dashing wit, true love thwarted and redeemed, a relentless agent of the French Republican Government who makes it his personal goal to capture and destroy the Scarlet Pimpernel, and of course Percy's immortal "bon mot" that makes the social rounds in England and France: "We seek him here, we seek him there, Those Frenchies seek him everywhere. Is he in heaven? -- Is he in hell? That demmed, elusive Pimpernel." Book One of "The Scarlet Pimpernel Series"

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The Woman in White, by Wilkie Collins, is part of the Barnes & Noble Classics series, which offers quality editions at affordable prices to the student and the general reader, including new scholarship, thoughtful design, and pages of carefully crafted extras. Here are some of the remarkable features of Barnes & Noble Classics: New introductions commissioned from today's top writers and scholars Biographies of the authors Chronologies of contemporary historical, biographical, and cultural events Footnotes and endnotes Selective discussions of imitations, parodies, poems, books, plays, paintings, operas, statuary, and films inspired by the work Comments by other famous authors Study questions to challenge the reader's viewpoints and expectations Bibliographies for further reading Indices & Glossaries, when appropriateAll editions are beautifully designed and are printed to superior specifications; some include illustrations of historical interest. Barnes & Noble Classics pulls together a constellation of influences—biographical, historical, and literary—to enrich each reader's understanding of these enduring works. One of the greatest mystery thrillers ever written, Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White was a phenomenal bestseller in the 1860s, achieving even greater success than works by Dickens, Collins’s friend and mentor. Full of surprise, intrigue, and suspense, this vastly entertaining novel continues to enthrall readers today. The story begins with an eerie midnight encounter between artist Walter Hartright and a ghostly woman dressed all in white who seems desperate to share a dark secret. The next day Hartright, engaged as a drawing master to the beautiful Laura Fairlie and her half sister, tells his pupils about the strange events of the previous evening. Determined to learn all they can about the mysterious woman in white, the three soon find themselves drawn into a chilling vortex of crime, poison, kidnapping, and international intrigue. Masterfully constructed, The Woman in White is dominated by two of the finest creations in all Victorian fiction—Marion Halcombe, dark, mannish, yet irresistibly fascinating, and Count Fosco, the sinister and flamboyant “Napoleon of Crime.” Camille Cauti earned a Ph.D. in English from Columbia University. Her dissertation concerns the Catholic conversion trend among the London avant-garde of the 1890s. She has also published articles in Italian-American studies. She works in New York City as an editor and critic.

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