What was it like growing up during the Cold War? What can childhood memories tell us about state socialism and its aftermath? How can these intimate memories complicate history and redefine possible futures? These questions are at the heart of the (An)Archive: Childhood, Memory, and the Cold War. This edited collection stems from a collaboration between academics and artists who came together to collectively remember their own experiences of growing up on both sides of the ‘Iron Curtain’. Looking beyond official historical archives, the book gathers memories that have been erased or forgotten, delegitimized or essentialized, or, at best, reinterpreted nostalgically within the dominant frameworks of the East-West divide. And it reassembles and (re)stores these childhood memories in a form of an ‘anarchive’: a site for merging, mixing, connecting, but also juxtaposing personal experiences, public memory, political rhetoric, places, times, and artifacts. These acts and arts of collective remembering tell about possible futures―and the past’s futures―what life during the Cold War might have been but also what it has become. (An)Archive will be of particular interest to scholars in a variety of fields, but particularly to artists, educators, historians, social scientists, and others working with memory methodologies that range from collective biography to oral history, (auto)biography, autoethnography, and archives.

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This book considers how adults attempt to socialise young children into the adults it aspires to produce, from a number of diverse perspectives. The evolution of storytelling and its impact upon child development is initially explored, followed by the consideration of how social class, ethnicity, culture, and colonialism impact upon the ways that societies ‘school’ children about what to expect from adulthood. Different perspectives of early years education and growing up within a British/British colonial perspective are discussed and analysed. There is a focus throughout upon the way that children are constructed by the society in question, particularly those who are considered to be of lower status in terms of being poor, orphaned, or from ethnic groups against which the dominant culture discriminates. Topics covered by the chapters include topics covered by this Special Issue: current and historical constructions of childhood; the development of linguistic and ‘storying’ skills in childhood; childhood play and recreation; childhood and ‘folk’ narratives; philosophies of childhood; childhood and industrialisation; childhood and post-industrialisation; childhood education; childhood health; and cultures of childcare.

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A Jewish Childhood in the Muslim Mediterranean brings together the fascinating personal stories of Jewish writers, scholars, and intellectuals who came of age in lands where Islam was the dominant religion and everyday life was infused with the politics of the French imperial project. Prompted by novelist Leïla Sebbar to reflect on their childhoods, these writers offer literary portraits that gesture to a universal condition while also shedding light on the exceptional nature of certain experiences. The childhoods captured here are undeniably Jewish, but they are also Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Egyptian, Lebanese, and Turkish; each essay thus testifies to the multicultural, multilingual, and multi-faith community into which its author was born. The present translation makes this unique collection available to an English-speaking public for the first time. The original version, published in French in 2012, was awarded the Prix Haïm Zafrani, a prize given by the Elie Wiesel Institute of Jewish Studies to a literary project that valorizes Jewish civilization in the Muslim world. “Expertly introduced and organized, each essay is as beautiful as the next. This wonderful collection offers a distinctive account of how Jews of different countries in the Middle East and North Africa experienced their place in society.” — JESSICA MARGLIN, Associate Professor of Religion, Law, and History at the University of Southern California

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Adulthood has a history. This book explores how concepts of adulthood have changed over time in Britain and the United States from 1350 to the present day through eleven case studies. Ideas of adulthood are currently under intense scrutiny, as individuals increasingly reach midlife without necessarily acquiring the 'traditional' markers of maturity. Yet this volume shows that this is not a uniquely turbulent period, and it does not represent the overturning of norms that were previously settled and unquestioned. Expectations for adults have altered over time, just as other age-categories such as childhood, adolescence and old age have been shaped by their cultural and social context. In historicising adulthood, this collection is the first to employ adulthood as a category of historical analysis, arguing that consideration of age is crucial for all scholarship that addresses power and inequality. Collectively, the authors explore four key ideas: adulthood as both burden and benefit; adulthood as a relational category; collective versus individual definitions of adulthood; and adulthood as a static definition. The book also engages with the intersectional identities of gender, race, class, sexuality and disability, and how these affect understandings of adulthood: who gets to be an adult, and who decides?

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Adulthood has a history. This book explores how concepts of adulthood have changed over time in Britain and the United States from 1350 to the present day through eleven case studies. Ideas of adulthood are currently under intense scrutiny, as individuals increasingly reach midlife without necessarily acquiring the 'traditional' markers of maturity. Yet this volume shows that this is not a uniquely turbulent period, and it does not represent the overturning of norms that were previously settled and unquestioned. Expectations for adults have altered over time, just as other age-categories such as childhood, adolescence and old age have been shaped by their cultural and social context. In historicising adulthood, this collection is the first to employ adulthood as a category of historical analysis, arguing that consideration of age is crucial for all scholarship that addresses power and inequality. Collectively, the authors explore four key ideas: adulthood as both burden and benefit; adulthood as a relational category; collective versus individual definitions of adulthood; and adulthood as a static definition. The book also engages with the intersectional identities of gender, race, class, sexuality and disability, and how these affect understandings of adulthood: who gets to be an adult, and who decides?

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Wie lässt sich Antisemitismus in der Kindheit erforschen? Wie (re)produzieren Kinder antisemitische Differenzkonstruktionen in Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulen? Welche Erfahrungen machen Jüdinnen und Juden mit Antisemitismus in ihrer Kindheit? Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich mit neuesten empirischen Erkenntnissen einem gesellschaftspolitisch hochrelevanten Thema. Aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive werden sowohl Ansätze für eine kindheitsbezogene Antisemitismusanalyse als auch Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die pädagogische Praxis und eine antisemitismuskritische Bildung in der frühen und mittleren Kindheit aufgezeigt.

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In childhood and youth, an engagement with aesthetic modes of representation and perception is of great importance. The significance of aesthetic positionings – for instance through the choice of clothing or accessories, through make-up or gadgets – can on the one hand be interpreted as signs of a successful commercialization of childhood and youth. On the other hand, however, they testify to the savvy with which children and teenagers make their daily world their own and develop their design aesthetics. In order to consider the related social conditions of aesthetics, economies, and inter-generational relationships, this transdisciplinary volume brings together a range of research perspectives on everyday aesthetics in childhood and youth.

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In childhood and youth, an engagement with aesthetic modes of representation and perception is of great importance. The significance of aesthetic positionings – for instance through the choice of clothing or accessories, through make-up or gadgets – can on the one hand be interpreted as signs of a successful commercialization of childhood and youth. On the other hand, however, they testify to the savvy with which children and teenagers make their daily world their own and develop their design aesthetics. In order to consider the related social conditions of aesthetics, economies, and inter-generational relationships, this transdisciplinary volume brings together a range of research perspectives on everyday aesthetics in childhood and youth.

In Kindheit und Jugend ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit ästhetischen Darstellungs- und Wahrnehmungsweisen hochgradig relevant. Die Bedeutsamkeit ästhetischer Positionierungen – etwa durch die Wahl der Kleidung oder Accessoires, durch Make-up oder technische Geräte – kann einerseits als Anzeichen einer sehr erfolgreichen Kommerzialisierung von Kindheit und Jugend gedeutet werden. Andererseits zeugt sie aber auch von einem Gespür, mit dem sich Kinder und Jugendliche die Alltagswelt, in der sie leben, zu eigen machen. Um die sozialen Verhältnisse von Ästhetiken, Ökonomien und Generationenbeziehungen in den Blick zu nehmen, versammelt dieser interdisziplinäre Band Forschungsperspektiven zu Alltagsästhetiken in Kindheit und Jugend.

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In childhood and youth, an engagement with aesthetic modes of representation and perception is of great importance. The significance of aesthetic positionings – for instance through the choice of clothing or accessories, through make-up or gadgets – can on the one hand be interpreted as signs of a successful commercialization of childhood and youth. On the other hand, however, they testify to the savvy with which children and teenagers make their daily world their own and develop their design aesthetics. In order to consider the related social conditions of aesthetics, economies, and inter-generational relationships, this transdisciplinary volume brings together a range of research perspectives on everyday aesthetics in childhood and youth.

In Kindheit und Jugend ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit ästhetischen Darstellungs- und Wahrnehmungsweisen hochgradig relevant. Die Bedeutsamkeit ästhetischer Positionierungen – etwa durch die Wahl der Kleidung oder Accessoires, durch Make-up oder technische Geräte – kann einerseits als Anzeichen einer sehr erfolgreichen Kommerzialisierung von Kindheit und Jugend gedeutet werden. Andererseits zeugt sie aber auch von einem Gespür, mit dem sich Kinder und Jugendliche die Alltagswelt, in der sie leben, zu eigen machen. Um die sozialen Verhältnisse von Ästhetiken, Ökonomien und Generationenbeziehungen in den Blick zu nehmen, versammelt dieser interdisziplinäre Band Forschungsperspektiven zu Alltagsästhetiken in Kindheit und Jugend.

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Aural History is an anti-memoir memoir of encountering devastating grief that uses experimental storytelling to recreate the winding, fractured path of loss and transformation.Written by a thirty-something psychotherapist and queer theorist, Aural History is structured as a sequence of three sections that each use different narrative styles to represent a distinctive stage in the protagonist’s evolving relationship to trauma. Aural History explores how a cascade of self-dissolving losses crisscrosses a girl’s coming of age.Through lyric prose, the first section follows a precocious tomboy whose fierce attachment to her father forces her, when he dies and she is twelve years old, to run the family bakery business, raise a delinquent younger brother, and take care of a destructive, volatile mother.In part two, scenes narrated in the third person illustrate a high-achieving high school student who is articulate and in control except for bouts of sudden and inchoate attractions, the first of which is to her severe and coaxing English teacher.The third story tells of her relation with a riveting, world-famous professor, interspersed with a tragic-comic series of dialogues between the protagonist and a cast of diverse psychotherapists as she, now twenty-five years old and living in New York City, undertakes an odyssey to understand why true self-knowledge remains elusive and her real feelings, choked and incomplete.In what Phillip Lopate calls “an amazing document,” Aural History pushes the narrative conventions of memoir to capture a story the genre of memoir usually struggles to tell: that you can lose yourself, and have no way to know it.

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This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue.

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Children live with greater risks than adults of being affected by climate change and other environmental phenomena. For example, mortality is greater in children affected by malaria and dengue fever, two diseases whose spread is increasing as a result of climate change. This book analyzes different ideas about what constitutes a good childhood during the time period proposed to be named the Anthropocene: the epoch of man. Based on a critical tradition and based on a focus on how the adult world creates desirable childhoods, the author asks the question of which ideal childhoods emerge and which children are given a place in the Anthropocene. Through critical analyses, ideas about childhoods in the Anthropocene as innocent, special and responsible are identified and problematized. The book studies what takes place at the intersection between ideas about childhood and the state of the Anthropocene in three different arenas: political climate activism, educational research aimed at younger children and literature for children aged 6–12 with environmental and climate themes. The author argues for the importance of the role and responsibility of the adult world in the Anthropocene epoch and that children's lives and existence should be the starting point for decision-making and policy for climate and the environment. The book is aimed at researchers in the fields of childhood sociology, green humanities and pedagogy, as well as students in pedagogy, environmental science and child and youth science.

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Children live with greater risks than adults of being affected by climate change and other environmental phenomena. For example, mortality is greater in children affected by malaria and dengue fever, two diseases whose spread is increasing as a result of climate change. This book analyzes different ideas about what constitutes a good childhood during the time period proposed to be named the Anthropocene: the epoch of man. Based on a critical tradition and based on a focus on how the adult world creates desirable childhoods, the author asks the question of which ideal childhoods emerge and which children are given a place in the Anthropocene. Through critical analyses, ideas about childhoods in the Anthropocene as innocent, special and responsible are identified and problematized. The book studies what takes place at the intersection between ideas about childhood and the state of the Anthropocene in three different arenas: political climate activism, educational research aimed at younger children and literature for children aged 6–12 with environmental and climate themes. The author argues for the importance of the role and responsibility of the adult world in the Anthropocene epoch and that children's lives and existence should be the starting point for decision-making and policy for climate and the environment. The book is aimed at researchers in the fields of childhood sociology, green humanities and pedagogy, as well as students in pedagogy, environmental science and child and youth science.

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Bordering social reproduction explores what happens when migrants subject to policies that seek to deny them the means of life nonetheless endeavour to make and sustain meaningful lives. The book provides rich ethnographic insights into the complexities of the everyday lives of mothers and children with insecure migration status who are subject to the United Kingdom’s ‘no recourse to public funds’ policy. This immigration condition prohibits access to housing assistance and most welfare benefits even for the most destitute. Developing innovative theorisations of welfare bordering, this book shows how enforced destitution and debt work alongside detention and deportation as tripartite exclusionary technologies of the racial state. Bordering social reproduction advances the novel concept of weathering to comprehend mothers’ and children’s life-making practices under duress – arguing that these are neither acts of heroic resilience nor solely symptomatic of lives rendered disposable, but indications of the fragilities of repressive migration regimes and, on occasion, the refusal to accept their terms of existence. This engaging book invites us to think carefully about the relationship between welfare states and border regimes, and how we might contest their intertwinement. Making incisive interventions into theoretical discussions around social reproduction, bordering and childhood, the book offers critical contributions in response to contemporary debates about the nature of welfare support and migration.

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This book introduces readers to an ethnography about children in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and the values associated with their upbringing from local people’s own point of views. The author, who conducted her research in Kochkor, a village in northern Kyrgyzstan, approaches the topic of children and their childhood through the prism of ‘healthy growth’. In the local context, ideas about healthy growth of children are not limited to their physical, mental or emotional development; it also includes bringing up ‘culturally educated’ members of society with proper moral values, as well as the conduct of culturally determined health-related and life-cycle rituals. Discourses on the healthy development of children are presented through the voices of the people of Kochkor about Kyrgyz cultural practices, the increasing role of Islam, modernity and globalisation in Kyrgyzstan and how these dynamics have changed their perceptions of children and their childhoods. Therefore, this book can also be seen as an ethnographic study of the social changes in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan that are shaping and re-shaping the values, worldviews and daily practices of local people.

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Breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding in early life. It is also one of the most cost-effective childhood survival interventions. Breastfeeding practices are important for preventing child mortality and morbidity, as well as ensuring the optimal growth, health, and development of infants. The public health benefits of breastfeeding have been well documented in the medical literature, and include the following: associations with decreased risk for early-life diseases such as otitis media, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and early childhood obesity (to name but a few). This Special Issue book includes a collection of studies on the use of novel methods to improve breastfeeding rates, and research exploring the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and mother, including technology-based approaches.

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Calcium is the main mineral in the body, involved in a variety of structural and functional roles. The maintenance of calcium homeostasis is perhaps the most studied function of vitamin D. This Special Issue of Nutrients, “Calcium, Vitamin D and Health” contains 12 original publications and two reviews investigating the contribution of (mainly) vitamin D and calcium on relevant health outcomes in a variety of populations, which reflect the evolving and broad interest of researchers on this topic.

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Child Migration in Africa explores the mobility of children without their parents within West Africa. Drawing on the experiences of children from rural Burkina Faso and Ghana, the book provides rich material on the circumstances of children's voluntary migration and their experiences of it. Their accounts challenge the normative ideals of what a 'good' childhood is, which often underlie public debates about children's migration, education and work in developing countries. The comparative study of Burkina Faso and Ghana highlights that social networks operate in ways that can be both enabling and constraining for young migrants, as can cultural views on age- and gender-appropriate behaviour. The book questions easily made assumptions regarding children's experiences when migrating independently of their parents and, by drawing parallels with children's migration in Latin America and Asia, contributes to analytical and cross-cultural understandings of childhood. Part of the groundbreaking Africa Now series, Child Migration in Africa is an important and timely contribution to an under-researched area.

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This book is about the ideas, networks and institutions that shape the development of evidence about child poverty and wellbeing, and the use of such evidence in development policy debates.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2017: Backlist Collection

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History; Social history; Great Britain—History; Europe—History—1492-; Social policy; Childhood; Adolescence

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This volume puts an emphasis on the question how children themselves experience and manage migration and by means of which they construct an identity for themselves which takes into account their experiences from both their places of origin and their host societies. What role does the cultural background of the society of origin on the one hand and the strategies of integration found in the host society on the other play in the creation of identity and of a concept of home, origin and belonging? How do children express processes of cultural orientation and integration (music, media, fashion, style) and what role do peer groups and social milieus play in this regard? How do migrant children experience xenophobia and a lack of acceptance on the side of the host society and how do they counter-balance such experiences? The approach taken is both comparative and interdisciplinary, the contributors having different theoretical and methodological backgrounds, the contributions dealing with different social and cultural settings both with regard to place of origin and host society.

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How much say should children have in their own education? Through in-depth research in diverse primary schools, Manyukhina and Wyse explore how children's voices and choices shape their learning experiences - and why it matters. This ground-breaking text offers new insights into one of education's most pressing questions: how to balance children's agency with educational standards. The 40-month research project that is at the heart of the book investigated how England’s national curriculum, and other educational structures, affect children’s agency. The authors report findings in three contrasting schools: an inner-city primary school, a suburban academy primary school, and an independent school. As a result of in-depth longitudinal research this book uncovers the details of how schools can enable or limit children’s ability to shape their learning, from classroom choices and playground decisions to curriculum and school councils. Children's Agency in the National Curriculum engages with England’s national curriculum in the context of curriculum studies and curriculum development internationally. The new findings arise from research that is ‘close-to-practice’, ensuring that the implications of the work are relevant for children, teachers, and policy makers alike.

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The history of childhood and welfare in Britain through the eyes of children. Children’s Experiences of Welfare in Modern Britain brings together the latest historical research on welfare provision by the state, charities and families from 1830 to 1980. Demonstrating how the young were integral to the making, interpretation, delivery and impact of welfare services, the chapters consider a wide range of investments in young people’s lives, including residential institutions, emigration schemes, hospitals and clinics, schools, social housing and familial care. Drawing upon thousands of personal testimonies, including a wealth of writing by children themselves, the book shows that we can only understand the history and impact of welfare if we listen to children’s experiences.

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Exploring the history of Cold War censorship legislation and its impact on the French publishing industry for children, this open access book focuses on the publisher Hachette to detail how it dominated the country’s new context of surveillance and control. Using extensive new multilingual archive material including legal and business records and US State Department files, Sophie Heywood traces both the history of the French Communist Party’s (PCF) and anti-comics activists’ efforts to prevent American ‘propaganda’ reaching the hands of children, and Hachette’s strategic and editorial responses. Children’s Publishing in Cold War France covers such events as the campaign waged against the global multi-media phenomenon Tarzan; the impact of Cold War tensions on Hachette’s publishing of Disney books and comics in French; and studies the translation of series fiction fromNancy Drew toThe Famous Five, where self-censorship could be a radical and creative process. Children’s Publishing in Cold War France presents a timely historical study of how states and political campaigners seek to control children’s access to culture, and the legacies of such conflicts. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the University of Reading.

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Few things make Japanese adults feel quite as anxious today as the phenomenon called the “child crisis.” Various media teem with intense debates about bullying in schools, child poverty, child suicides, violent crimes committed by children, the rise of socially withdrawn youngsters, and forceful moves by the government to introduce a more conservative educational curriculum. These issues have propelled Japan into the center of a set of global conversations about the nature of children and how to raise them. Engaging both the history of children and childhood and the history of emotions, contributors to this volume track Japanese childhood through a number of historical scenarios. Such explorations—some from Japan’s early modern past—are revealed through letters, diaries, memoirs, family and household records, and religious polemics about promising, rambunctious, sickly, happy, and dutiful youngsters.

“I do not know of any collection like this in English, dealing so comprehensively and from so many angles with the topic of the history of children and childhood in Japan.” PETER CAVE, author of Schooling Selves and Primary School in Japan

“In Child’s Play, ‘childhood’ assumes many roles and guises, and many points of departure. The authors demonstrate the significance of Japanese cultural institutions and practices for a more comprehensive, and sobering, understanding of the artifice and operations alike of ‘childhood.’” JENNIFER ROBERTSON, author of Robo sapiens japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation

SABINE FRÜHSTÜCK is Professor of Modern Japanese Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her publications include Colonizing Sex: Sexology and Social Control in Modern Japan and Uneasy Warriors: Gender, Memory, and Popular Culture in the Japanese Army. ANNE WALTHALL is Professor Emerita of Japanese History at the University of California, Irvine. Her publications include The Weak Body of a Useless Woman: Matsuo Taseko and the Meiji Restoration, and Japan: A Cultural, Social, and Political History.

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The various phases of life and their manifestations in theory and social reality constitute a well-established area of research in the fields of western medieval studies and ancient history. In this respect the Byzantine East has been widely neglected. This volume will focus on the Byzantine experience of adolescence, which may be defined as the biological transition from childhood to adulthood as well as the social and psychological experience of leaving the care of parents, guardians and family groups and the gradual integration into adult society.

Die verschiedenen Lebensphasen und ihre Manifestationen in Theorie und sozialer Realität bilden ein etabliertes Forschungsgebiet auf den Gebieten der abendländischen Mediävistik und der antiken Geschichte. In dieser Hinsicht wurde der byzantinische Osten weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dieser Band konzentriert sich auf die byzantinische Erfahrung der Adoleszenz, die als biologischer Übergang von der Kindheit zum Erwachsenenalter definiert werden kann, sowie die soziale und psychologische Erfahrung des Verlassens von Eltern, Vormündern und Familiengruppen und die allmähliche Integration in die erwachsene Gesellschaft.

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The various phases of life and their manifestations in theory and social reality constitute a well-established area of research in the fields of western medieval studies and ancient history. In this respect the Byzantine East has been widely neglected. This volume will focus on the Byzantine experience of adolescence, which may be defined as the biological transition from childhood to adulthood as well as the social and psychological experience of leaving the care of parents, guardians and family groups and the gradual integration into adult society.

Die verschiedenen Lebensphasen und ihre Manifestationen in Theorie und sozialer Realität bilden ein etabliertes Forschungsgebiet auf den Gebieten der abendländischen Mediävistik und der antiken Geschichte. In dieser Hinsicht wurde der byzantinische Osten weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dieser Band konzentriert sich auf die byzantinische Erfahrung der Adoleszenz, die als biologischer Übergang von der Kindheit zum Erwachsenenalter definiert werden kann, sowie die soziale und psychologische Erfahrung des Verlassens von Eltern, Vormündern und Familiengruppen und die allmähliche Integration in die erwachsene Gesellschaft.

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Some of the most pressing contemporary issues (ecological crisis, migration and integration, fragmented worldviews, social media, fake news, extremist politics and terrorism) can be understood more profoundly through how they interact with both individual and collective forces of nostalgia. Nostalgia is politics, but these politics are also interwoven with media and culture. Notwithstanding how nostalgia is used or contextualized in terms of politics and social practices, commodification or personal development, its power is primarily situated within its efficacy as a governing, influential human emotion. The vast and luminous contributions to this special issue on contemporary nostalgia are all investigating the role different aesthetic media formats (film, music, literature, computer games) plays in nostalgic negotiations with style, history, migration, love, nationalism, diaspora, irony, modernity, colonial and postcolonial discourses, and adoption. Mutually, these essays stand out as important, original, critical contributions to the expanding field of nostalgia studies and offer a valued insight on our world.

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The field of children’s rights studies is well established and largely dominated by a top-down approach that considers these rights as objective standards requiring implementation in practice or policy. This book argues for a critical perspective which views the area as contested terrain with conflicting normative foundations and traditions. The collection brings together established and rising scholars whose work has been central to not only challenging mainstream children’s rights discourses but also provides alternative pathways to conceptualizing children’s rights. It moves beyond critiques of these dominant discourses and sets out the emerging paradigm of Critical Children’s Rights Studies drawing on contexts in both the Global North and Global South. It proposes new pathways and subjects these to scrutiny, illuminating the importance of contextual situatedness and acknowledging the need to consider researchers’ own positionality when outlining their stance on children’s rights. Containing both empirical and theoretical scholarship, the book will be an essential resource for students, academics, researchers and policy-makers working in the multidisciplinary areas of childhood studies, children’s rights studies and international human rights.

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This reprint focuses on research on atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis causes catastrophic thrombotic cardiovascular events, threatening not only individual healthy longevity but also socio-financial burden for the infrastructural emergent medical system. In the field of cardiovascular medicine, atherosclerosis has the largest number of patients and is an important disease that determines healthy life expectancy. There is currently no other way to control the disease than to maximize the use of medical resources and save lives. It has been clarified that local and systemic inflammation, along with risk factors, are closely related to the etiology of atherosclerosis.

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Children’s playgrounds are commonly understood as the obvious place for children to play: safe, natural and out of the way. But these expectations hide a convoluted and overlooked history of children’s place in public space – one shaped by implicit social, political and environmental values, and by government intervention in spaces and lives across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book is the first empirically grounded historical account of the modern playground, drawing on the archival materials of social reformers, park superintendents, equipment manufacturers and architects in Britain and beyond to chart the playground’s journey from marginal obscurity to popular ubiquity. In exploring the evolution of play space design, the book shows that the ideal playground has long represented a space where changing conceptions of nature, health, childhood, commerce and technology have all been played out. It covers the development of garden gymnasiums in the 1890s, the influence of Charles Wicksteed, increasing standardisation in the interwar period, the impact of progressive education, pioneering female designers and the adventure playground movement in the twentieth century, and more recent challenges to the playground’s status as a site of health, nature and safety. Designed for Play is an original and accessible contribution to modern British history, urban and environmental history, and histories and geographies of childhood.

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This open access book directs its attention to a desire for inter- and transdisciplinary, reciprocal collaborations in studies concerning young children. It focuses on the possibilities and obstacles in collaborative forms of inquiry involving those stakeholders and actors whom the research concerns, specifically the participating children. The backdrop of the discussions and theoretical investigations is the inter- and transdisciplinary project Enhancing Children’s Attention. Within the framework of an evidence-based intervention, this project performed multiple qualitative forms of inquiry, including emergent forms of collaborations with children. The book provides a discussion on how young children’s development, learning, and lives are understood in the developmental sciences, and in the humanities and social sciences. It specifically addresses scholars interested in postdevelopmental, posthumanist, new materialist, and postqualitative approaches. The book proposes a displaced form of postdevelompentalism for future collaborative forms of inquiry with a focus on multiple forms of knowledge and knowing.

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Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of advanced data analysis methods in biomedical, clinical, and epidemiological research. The aim of this reprint is to highlight the practical aspects of new data analysis methods and to provide insights into the challenges in biostatistics and data science. By considering recent developments in medical technology, the reprint includes novel approaches in the field of medical statistics and data science, covering meta-analysis, the assessment of clinical outcomes, machine learning, medical diagnostics, and genomic factors.

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Feminism and the Politics of Childhood offers an innovative and critical exploration of perceived commonalities and conflicts between women and children and, more broadly, between various forms of feminism and the politics of childhood. This unique collection of 18 chapters brings into dialogue authors from a range of geographical contexts, social science disciplines, activist organisations, and theoretical perspectives. The wide variety of subjects include refugee camps, care labour, domestic violence and childcare and education. Chapter authors focus on local contexts as well as their global interconnections, and draw on diverse theoretical traditions such as poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, posthumanism, postcolonialism, political economy, and the ethics of care. Together the contributions offer new ways to conceptualise relations between women and children, and to address injustices faced by both groups.

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Feminism and the Politics of Childhood offers an innovative and critical exploration of perceived commonalities and conflicts between women and children and, more broadly, between various forms of feminism and the politics of childhood. This unique collection of 18 chapters brings into dialogue authors from a range of geographical contexts, social science disciplines, activist organisations, and theoretical perspectives. The wide variety of subjects include refugee camps, care labour, domestic violence and childcare and education. Chapter authors focus on local contexts as well as their global interconnections, and draw on diverse theoretical traditions such as poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, posthumanism, postcolonialism, political economy, and the ethics of care. Together the contributions offer new ways to conceptualise relations between women and children, and to address injustices faced by both groups.

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Die Sozialisation von Emotionen ist bislang vor allem in euroamerikanischen Mittelschichten untersucht worden. Leberecht Funk analysiert in seiner sozial- und kulturanthropologischen Studie emotionale Sozialisationspraktiken bei den Tao, die auf Lanyu, einer zu Taiwan gehörenden Insel, leben. Lokalen Vorstellungen zufolge bedrohen Geister die Seelen von Kindern. Als Teil ihrer Erziehung und zu ihrem Schutz werden die Kinder einer ambivalent erscheinenden Form der Abhärtung unterzogen, die eine spezifische moralische Angst- und Scham-Disposition in ihnen hervorruft, die sie im späteren Entwicklungsverlauf überwinden müssen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die ontogenetische Entwicklung von Emotionen eine größere Plastizität aufweist als bislang in der Entwicklungspsychologie angenommen.

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This book addresses the major forms of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in children’s sport, including sexual, physical, and psychological violence and neglect. It reviews the historical, sociocultural, and political influences on violence towards children, and sets out future agendas for research and practice to eliminate GBV in sport. The book argues that for GBV to occur and be sustained over time, it must be facilitated by a system that enables this violence, protects the perpetrator, disables bystanders, silences the victims, and/or fails to provide a structure by which to address victims’ or bystanders’ concerns. Drawing on empirical research from across a range of disciplines, including sport sociology, sport psychology, developmental psychology, and coaching, and examining real life case studies of GBV in sport at all levels, the book makes a powerful case for radical change in our current systems of sport governance, safeguarding, and athlete welfare. This is important reading for any student, researcher, policy-maker, coach, welfare officer or counsellor with an interest in sport, gender studies, safeguarding, criminology, or sociology. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU). KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 9781003035138. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org.

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Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genomic imprinting disorder associated with a spectrum of medical, cognitive, behavioural, and psychiatric problems and is also the most common cause of life-threatening obesity that can be effectively treated with hormone therapy and restricted diet, if detected early. PWS is usually caused by the loss of the paternally inherited 15q11.2-q13 region and abnormal expression of genes within that region and beyond. While some genotype–phenotype correlations with delineation of clinical characteristics and natural history have emerged when comparing the three main molecular classes of PWS (maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 15, imprinting centre defect, and deletion of paternal 15q11-q13), better awareness and informative biomarkers are still needed. These could facilitate early diagnosis, counseling, prognostic testing, as well as patient stratification for clinical trials, to improve outcomes for the affected children and their families. This Special Issue will comprise reviews and original research articles focused on the recent advances of genetics/genomics, testing, and epigenetic processes along with clinical description, co-morbidities, and natural history of PWS. Current and future directions with focus on improved screening, diagnosis, and treatment will be addressed in this rare neurodevelopmental genetic imprinting disorder influenced by the PWS genetic subtypes.

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This book presents the outcomes of an educational project carried out within the courses Pedagogy of Childhood and Art and Image Education, offered as part of the Single-Cycle Degree Programme in Primary Teacher Education at the University of Florence. Throughout this experience, a pathway of in-depth theoretical study and practical teaching experimentation took shape, aimed at strengthening in the students (future teachers in early childhood and primary school) an awareness of the close connection between the artistic and the educational dimensions. More broadly, it aimed to highlight how attention to expressive language entrusted to images can reinforce and foster children's creativity, curiosity, desire to discover, and their learning.

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This Open Access edited volume addresses the important role of education in society through the lens of theoretical concepts developed by Norbert Elias. This book sets out to challenge dominant perspectives within the sociology of education by reorientating traditional debates about socialisation, childhood, early years education, care, schooling and the curriculum, focusing on the relational learning processes that lie at the heart of pedagogic relationships between parents, teachers, children and peers. It also offers an innovative perspective on some of the key debates in childhood studies, bringing together and relating the different aspects of childhood through a generational lens. Authors from different countries follow young children as they grow up and learn how to become civilized in institutions in contemporary society, discussing how from one generation to the next they learn from adults and their peers an enormous social fund of knowledge about their world.

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Migration ist kein Ausnahmezustand, sondern eine existenzielle Grunderfahrung der Menschheit. Sie prägt gegenwärtige Gesellschaften, indem sie etablierte Ordnungen herausfordert, transnationale Räume jenseits nationaler Hegemonien schafft, neue Ökonomien stiftet, urbane und kommunale Lebensweisen beeinflusst sowie Ungleichheit und Prekarität lokal und global sichtbar macht. Migrationsforschung als Gesellschaftsforschung verengt den Fokus nicht auf »die Migrant*innen«, sondern untersucht Bedingungen fürs Zusammenleben und die Lebensgestaltung zwischen Ethnisierung und Pluralisierung, Diskriminierung und Ermächtigung, Teilung und Teilhabe. Das Jahrbuch Migration und Gesellschaft wendet das Prisma der Erzählung immer wieder neu. Die Ausgabe 2021/2022 setzt den Schwerpunkt auf das Thema »Familie«.

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The connection between child development and gender can only be traced by analysing the complex interplay of many different individual and social, political and social, historical and cultural factors - it cannot be explored or empirically measured with the help of selective research. The current yearbook therefore presents theoretical, empirical-qualitative and empirically quantitative contributions and research reports that examine gender aspects of childhood life and learning.

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Nursery of Capitalism examines the relationship between children and money in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the modern era, money came to symbolize both a resource for rationalization and a morally dangerous object. The author reveals that this ambivalence surfaced particularly in educating children to become economic citizens, and thus extends the history of economic subjectivity to include the perspective of children.

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Although there have been many studies of childhood in Ancient Greece and Rome and in the Middle Ages in the West, there is no such study for the Byzantine world. To fill the gap, this bookreconstructs the most important factors in childhood in Byzantium from the 6th through the 11th century. The main sources are the lives of the saints, which are of central importance for the analysis of the social history and daily life of the population. They also provide an insight into family, social and economic structures, as well as patterns of behaviour. This material is supplemented by legal, medical, theological and other sources.

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Wie erleben und gestalten Kinder Bildungs-, Erziehungs- und Betreuungszeiten? Welche Bedeutung kommt dabei den pädagogischen Fachkräften sowie den institutionellen Zeitstrukturen zuteil? Im Lichte gegenwärtiger Zeittendenzen und der Debatten um den Ausbau der Ganztagsbildung bietet die vorliegende Fallstudie einen empirischen Einblick in die Zeitpraktiken von Kindern in Einrichtungen des Elementar- und Primarbereichs und diskutiert zeitpädagogische und zeitpolitische Implikationen.; How do children experience and organise the time they devote to their education, upbringing and supervision? Within this context, what importance is attached to educational staff and institutional time structures? In light of current time trends and debates on the expansion of all-day education, the present case study offers an empirical insight into the time practices of children in elementary and primary institutions and discusses the implications for time in relation to both teaching and policy.

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In den letzten Jahren haben sich im Bereich der frühen Kindheit weitreichende bildungs- und gesellschaftspolitische Transformationen vollzogen. Der Band versammelt kritische Perspektiven und Ein- bzw. Widersprüche zu diesen Entwicklungen – von der Auseinandersetzung mit hegemonialen wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskursen bis hin zu den in der Kultur der Frühpädagogik verankerten Praktiken. Dabei diskutieren die Beiträge grundlegende pädagogische Problemstellungen wie Mündigkeit, Abhängigkeit, Körperlichkeit, Verletzbarkeit und Normalisierung und gehen im Lichte der Spezifika frühpädagogischer Herausforderungen auf Theorie und Praxis ein.

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On November 20, 1989, the United Nations General Assembly ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child. How is the evolution of the socio-legal status of the child that resulted in this Convention understood as well as the attitudes and strategies of stakeholders during the twentieth century? Through this book, Zoe Moody fills an important gap in the study of chil-dren's rights by analyzing for the first time the processes of genesis, institu-tionalization, and distribution of treaties on children's rights from a historical and transnational perspective.

Le 20 novembre 1989, l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies ratifiait la Convention relative aux Droits de l’Enfant, convention qui allait rapidement connaître un écho mondial auprès des chefs d’État comme de la société civile. Comment comprendre l’évolution du statut socio-juridique de l’enfant qui a abouti à cette Convention ainsi que les attitudes et les stratégies des acteurs concernés durant le XXe siècle ?Bien que l’évolution du statut de l’enfant soit souvent perçue comme un processus linéaire, sa mise en perspective historique montre au contraire les tensions et les controverses qui nourrissent les conceptions de l’enfance, de l’enfant et de ses droits. Les droits de l’enfant se développent au travers de subtils jeux de pouvoir et d’échelles entre les contextes nationaux et inter-nationaux et par le biais de réseaux d’acteurs. Ceux-ci portent la question de l’enfance et de ses droits au coeur des organisations inter- et non-gouvernementales, leur donnant une dimension nouvelle.À travers cet ouvrage, Zoe Moody comble une lacune importante de l’étude des droits de l’enfant en analysant pour la première fois les processus de genèse, d’institutionnalisation et de diffusion des traités relatifs aux droits de l’enfant dans une perspective historique et transnationale. Une attention particulière est portée aux acteurs qui contribuent à ces processus de même qu’aux problèmes éducatifs qu’ils soulèvent. La mise en dialogue de ces traités est réalisée à la lumière des sources archivistiques inédites, conser-vées par les organisations internationales.

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Life After Guns explores how ex-combatants and other post-war youth negotiated a depleted and difficult social and cultural landscape in the years following Liberia’s fourteen-year bloody civil war. Unlike others who study child soldiers, Abby Hardgrove’s ethnography looks at both former combatants and also the youth who were not recruited to fight. She focuses on the structural constraints and household and family organizations that either helped or limited opportunities as these young men grew into adulthood. Whether young men fought or not, and whether they had cultural capital before the war or not, family relations mattered a great deal in how they fared after the war.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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