This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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There is talk of an upcoming antibiotic armageddon, with untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. Indeed, the now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that, by 2050, more people might die from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections than from cancer. While we are still learning all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, it seems increasingly clear that we need to take a “one health” approach, curtailing the use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine. However, there are no new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Maybe something that has been around “forever” can come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, it is also necessary to do things differently, and use these new antimicrobials appropriately. Therefore, an in-depth study of bacteriophage biology and case-by-case applications might be required. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics related to bacteriophages as antimicrobials, including their use in human therapy and aquaculture. It also explores the potential use of phage endolysins as substitutes of antibiotics in two sectors where there is an urgent need—human therapy and the agro-food industry. Last but not least, there is an excellent perspective article on phage therapy implementation.

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Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.

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Ants are a ubiquitous, highly diverse, and ecologically dominant faunal group. They represent a large proportion of global terrestrial faunal biomass and play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, and re-cyclers of nutrients. They have particularly important interactions with plants as defenders against herbivores, as seed dispersers, and as seed predators. One downside to the ecological importance of ants is that they feature on the list of the world’s worst invasive species. Ants have also been important for science as model organisms for studies of diversity, biogeography, and community ecology. Despite such importance, ants remain remarkably understudied. A large proportion of species are undescribed, the biogeographic histories of most taxa remain poorly known, and we have a limited understanding of spatial patterns of diversity and composition, along with the processes driving them. The papers in this Special Issue collectively address many of the most pressing questions relating to ant diversity. What is the level of ant diversity? What is the origin of this diversity, and how is it distributed at different spatial scales? What are the roles of niche partitioning and competition as regulators of local diversity? How do ants affect the ecosystems within which they occur? The answers to these questions provide valuable insights not just for ants, but for biodiversity more generally.

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This open access book critically explores how education, migration and development intersect and interact to shape people, communities, societies, ideas, values, and action at local, national and international levels. Written by leading scholars and practitioners from across the globe, the book introduces the reader to how such interactions play out through a series of illustrative case studies drawn from scholarship and empirical research conducted in the global South. It considers education in all its forms and raises critical questions about its purpose and value in contexts of migration and (im)mobility across a range of low- and middle-income settings. The contributors engage with the multiple reasons for migration, and also consider how communities and societies are shaped not just by the movement of people but also of ideas, resources, norms, and values across different national and international contexts. Collectively the chapters offer new insights into: the considerations for education and international development that emerge when we apply a migration lens; key theoretical frameworks and approaches which can help us understand the education-migration-nexus; the opportunities and challenges that migration and (im)mobility create for education in contexts of development; emerging dilemmas regarding how best to promote justice, equity and wellbeing in and through education in contexts of migration; and how gendered and other inequalities are core considerations in the education-migration-development nexus. The book concludes with some reflections by the editors on cross-cutting themes generated through the volume, including some directions for future research. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollection.com. Open access was funded by Knowledge Unlatched.

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Diet, physical activity, and body weight status (including body composition) are increasingly recognized as key factors that influence cancer across its continuum. Observational studies as well as basic research in cell culture and animal models provide evidence that several mononutrients and phytochemicals play a protective role either in hindering normal cells from transforming to precancerous lesions or in slowing the dysregulated cell growth that occurs in the later stages of disease. Similar evidence exists for physical activity and body habitus. As findings from these studies emerge, interventions are designed to ultimately test the impact of various dietary and exercise regimens directly on populations at risk – whether that be in individuals who are cancer-free but who may have increased risk due to family history, or in cancer survivors who are at risk for cancer progression or the occurrence of a new second malignancy. This book includes manuscripts that focus on diet, physical activity, and/or weight status in relation to cancer prevention and control, as well as symptom management. The order of articles follows the cancer continuum. The book begins with the role of diet and exercise in the primary prevention of cancer in both normal and high-risk individuals, and then focuses on preventing neoplastic progression in those who are newly diagnosed with the disease. Later chapters center on dietary and physical activity as key factors in cancer survivorship, and finally concluding with works attributing dietary and physical activity factors on cancer survival.

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This book examines welfare effects of gender-related inequalities in Korean households and labor markets. It uses subjective well-being data to show that reductions of excessive levels of working hours did improve family well-being in the past decade. Moreover, benefits from major life events like marriage can differ greatly by sex if traditional gender roles dominate and women contribute much less than men to household earnings. Furthermore, the study examines dynamics in rural East Asian economies and their impact on individual welfare outcomes. Both land redistribution and productivity-enhancing reforms are found to have been highly beneficial for Korean development. The Indonesian case study demonstrates the importance of cash-crop decisions and the growing non-farm sector for rural development.

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The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University

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Many advances in the technologies that underpin biosciences have accelerated the potential for the application of novel approaches to the major challenges of human health and wellbeing. It is important that those developing these technologies connect with those looking to apply them to deliver new solutions. This Special Issue of Applied Biosciences includes contributions focused on diverse applications of biological research and technology.

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This book develops the basic formalism and theoretical techniques for studying relativistic quantum field theory at high temperature and density. Specific physical theories treated include QED, QCD, electroweak theory, and effective nuclear field theories of hadronic and nuclear matter. Topics covered include: functional integral representation of the partition function, diagrammatic expansions, linear response theory, screening and plasma oscillations, spontaneous symmetry breaking, Goldstone theorem, resummation and hard thermal loops, lattice gauge theory, phase transitions, nucleation theory, quark-gluon plasma, and color superconductivity. Applications to astrophysics and cosmology cover white dwarf and neutron stars, neutrino emissivity, baryon number violation in the early universe, and cosmological phase transitions. Applications to relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are also included. The book is written for theorists in elementary particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

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This volume presents comprehensive research on how southern European Catholics and the Japanese confronted each other, interacted and mutually experienced religious otherness in early modern times. In their highly variable and asymmetric relations, during which the politi¬cal-military elites of Japan at times not only favoured, but also opposed and strictly controlled the European presence, missionaries – particularly the Jesuits – tried to negotiate this power balance with their interlocutors. This collection of essays analyses religious and cultural interactions between the Christian missions and the Buddhist sects through processes of coopera¬tion, acceptance, confrontation and rejection, dialogue and imposition, which led to the creation of new relational spaces and identities.

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This reprint collects recent articles published on "Light Beams in Liquid Crystals", both research and review contributions, with specific emphasis on liquid crystals in the nematic mesophase. The editors, Prof. Gaetano Assanto (NooEL, University of Rome "Roma Tre") and Prof. Noel F. Smyth (School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh), are among the most active experts worldwide in nonlinear optics of nematic liquid crystals, particularly reorientational optical solitons ("nematicons") and other all-optical effects.

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This book was published in 2013 in the Mémoires collection of the Ausonius publishing house. Its success was immediate and the 800 copies produced have sold put. Nine years later, the editors and Olivier Buchsenschutz himself wanted to offer a new readership these key texts in a digital, enriched and open access version. This volume contains fifty-four papers authored by 110 specialists in the Iron Age from different European countries. Articles in French, English and Spanish examine aspects of the history of the Celts, and focus on different regions from the British Isles to central Europe, including France, Germany, Belgium and Italy. The articles provide an overview of the range of approaches taken to later prehistory in these areas, and of the variety of models employed in its study. Whether focused on methodology or the history of the subject, on settlements or fortifications, on cemeteries, religion, Early Celtic Art, or warfare in Celtic societies, the contributions to this book are offered to Olivier Buchsenschutz in gratitude for his insightful archaeological research on the European Iron Age over the last fifty years.

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The reprint entitled “Metal-Based Drugs: Past, Present, and Future” covers some recent research and review articles in the field of metal-based drugs used in medicine. By purpose and content, this Book is addressed to the vast number of life science researchers and health care workers (chemists, pharmacists, biochemists, physicists, and doctors). Our initiative to publish in Molecules Journal the Special Issue entitled “Metal-Based Drugs: Past, Present, and Future” was honored by 13 groups totaling 74 scientists from Asia (India, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan), Europe (Bulgaria, France, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, and the U.K.), North America (Canada), and Africa (Egypt and South Africa). The number of involved researchers and the geographic distribution of their academic institutions indicate the great interest of the worldwide scientific community in discovering new metal-based drugs that can treat different diseases.

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The Special Issue “Nanostructured Materials Based on Noble Metals for Advanced Biological Applications” highlights the recent progress in gold and silver nanomaterials preparation/synthesis as well as their innovative applications in advanced applications, such as in nanomedicine and nanosensors. It is nowadays generally accepted that nanostructured noble metals allow the production of highly competitive materials. In fact, a specific design and rather simple and reliable preparation techniques can be used to obtain optimized material uses and possibilities for their reusability. One expects amazing future developments for these nanotechnologies from research laboratories to key industrial areas. The Guest Editor and the MDPI staff are therefore pleased to offer this Special Issue to interested readers, including researchers, graduate and PhD students as well as postdoctoral researchers, but also to the entire community interested in the wide world of nanomaterials.

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The chapters in this book reflect on the practice of using narratives to understand individual and social reality. They all reveal dimensions of the same concrete reality: contemporary society of Central South Africa. Except for two, all the chapters originated from research in the program The Narrative Study of Lives, situated in the Department of Sociology at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Each chapter opens a window on an aspect of everyday life in Central South Africa. Each window displays the capacity of the narrative as a methodological tool in qualitative research to open up better understandings of everyday experience. The chapters also reflect on the epistemological journey towards unwrapping and breaking open of meaning. Narratives are one of many tools available to sociologists in their quest to understand and interpret meaning. But, when it comes to deep understanding, narratives are particularly effective in opening up more intricate levels of meaning associated with emotions, feelings, and subjective experiences.

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In this Special Issue, we present a collection of articles that cover the unique opportunities and challenges of parenting in the 21st century. We have identified three themes across the articles: managing stress; support for effective parenting; and emphasis on fostering competence for an uncertain future. First, although the studies did not use data to test for differences between cohorts of parents, the results suggested that stress is a normal state for parents today, and especially for certain groups of parents. Second, despite high stress among parents, the articles point at some important support systems for parents in the 21st century. For example, although technology can be a stressor, it can also be a useful tool to enhance the parent-child relationship for parents of adolescents or young adults. Finally, in the third theme, we saw an emphasis on promoting a mix of competencies emphasizing both autonomy and relatedness in children and speculate that parents see these competences as tools to help the child to deal with an uncertain future.Results from this Special Issue illustrate the impact of societal changes on parenting. The findings can be used to develop programs and policies to provide support to diverse parents in handling today’s stressors, ranging from technology to racism to excessive pressures for parental “success”. They also point to important research gaps in understanding the task of parenting in the 21st century.

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Adolescents are infamous for their rebellious behavior. Indeed,much of the focus of therapy and clinical intervention with troubled adolescents focuses on their presumed need to rebel against their parents as they define their own identities. Yet psychologist Vivian Center Seltzer argues that approaching work with adolescent clients with this presumption in mind is likely to miss the roots of their problem behavior. Rather than acting out against parental authority, adolescents in need of clinical help are most often dealing with their disappointing comparisons with their peers—the most relevant others to them during this period of their development. Seltzer explains that it is countless interactions with their peers, at school and elsewhere outside of the home, that are the primary mode of psychological and social development for adolescents. Practitioners must recognize this crucial influence, and perhaps forgo traditional approaches, in order to better work with their adolescent clients. Peer-Impact Diagnosis and Therapy is a practical professional guide for how to approach and aid troubled teens by accessing the wealth of insight to be gained from understanding the influence of peer interactions on development and on behavior. Full of diagnostic categories and protocols for use with all types of adolescents, as well as guidance, tips, case studies, and offering a targeted model for adolescent group therapy, Seltzer provides professionals with all the tools they need to assist teens on their road to adulthood.

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed that was published in Toxins

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Biomolecular self-assembly provides a green, facile, and highly effective method to synthesize various functional nanomaterials that have exhibited considerable potential in the fields of nanotechnology, materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, food science, energy storage, and environmental science. In this collection of articles, we presented recent advance in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of self-assembled bio-nanomaterials. In a comprehensive review article, the controlled self-assembly of biomolecules including DNA, protein, peptide, enzymes, virus, and biopolymers via internal interactions and external simulations is introduced and discussed in detail. In other research articles, the self-assembly of DNA, protein, peptide, bio-drugs, liquid crystal polycarbonates, and diblock copolymers to various biomimetic/bioinspired nanomaterials and their potential applications in nanopatterning, sensors/biosensors, drug delivery, anti-parasite, and water purification are demonstrated.

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This e-book summarizes recent advances in the young and rapidly developing field of microbial volatiles. Articles included here reveal novel information about the chemical diversity of bacterial and fungal volatiles, their functions, their roles in inter-specific and inter-kingdom interactions and the metabolic and physiological changes their exposure causes in the target organisms. The e-book is divided in three chapters: (1) Natural Functions of Microbial Volatiles; (2) Volatile Production and Ecosystem Functioning and (3) Volatile Detection and Identification.

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The progress of science and technology and intensive land usage have promoted the rapid development of modern agriculture. Meanwhile, however, modern agriculture has caused global ecological and environmental problems due to its consumption of large amounts of resources and energy. To meet these challenges, we must rethink the theories, policies, models, and technologies involved in modern agricultural development, which includes new concepts and methods of agriculture: for example, organic agriculture, compound agriculture, circular agriculture, and ecological agriculture. There is a growing awareness that the development of sustainable agriculture should not only increase yields to meet people's demands, but also should improve product quality and promote multi-functioning of the agricultural ecosystem. Although the study and practices of sustainable agriculture have achieved remarkable results in the past 40 years, the development of the social economy and current challenges of world agriculture require significant consideration for the future of agriculture. Summarizing available knowledge and lessons, analyzing associated problems, and mapping out future developments will help in promoting the practice and policy of sustainable agriculture, as well as in innovating sustainable agricultural theory and methods. This reprint includes 16 articles that focus on theoretical methods, policies, and practical experience related to sustainable agricultural development, aiming to contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture and food security.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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Wildland fire is an important, pervasive, and a sometimes-destructive ecological process in many forest ecosystems across the globe. In some cases, wildland fire maintains and reinforces forest dynamics. This is common, for example, in forests with thick-barked species that are adapted to frequent, low-severity fires or in forests where species’ regenerative traits (e.g., serotiny, resprouting) allow them to endure regimes of recurrent high-severity fire. However, wildland fire can also act as a catalyst that changes the successional trajectory of forest ecosystems, particularly if the factors responsible for historical fire regimes (e.g., frequency, severity, or season) have been substantially altered and exceed species’ adaptive capacity. Examples of these situations include effects of extreme fire weather and drought, fuel buildup due to fire exclusion or insect-induced mortality, and interactions between these factors. Some of these situations may result in fire-induced conversions from forest to non-forest ecosystems.We seek submissions aimed at wildland fire, forest dynamics, and their interactions. We are particularly interested in studies evaluating additional factors and stressors that influence the characteristics of fire, as well as the composition and structure of vegetation, such as insect- and drought-induced mortality, extreme weather events, human ignitions, excessive fuels, and climate change.

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Throughout history, wildlife has been an important source of infectious diseases transmissible to humans. Today, zoonoses with a wildlife reservoir constitute a major public health problem, affecting all continents. The importance of such zoonoses is increasingly recognized, and the need for more attention in this area is being addressed. The total number of zoonoses is unknown, some 1,415 known human pathogens have been catalogued, and 62% are of zoonotic origin [1]. With time, more and more human pathogens are found to be of animal origin. Moreover, most emerging infectious diseases in humans are zoonoses. Wild animals seem to be involved in the epidemiology of most zoonoses and serve as major reservoirs for transmission of zoonotic agents to domestic animals and humans [2]. The concept of the ‘One Health’ approach involving collaboration between veterinary and medical scientists, policy makers, and public health officials, is necessary to foster joint cooperation and control of emerging zoonotic diseases [3]. Zoonotic diseases caused by a wide range of arthropods, bacteria, helminths, protozoans, and viruses can cause serious and even life-threatening clinical conditions in animals, with a number of them also affecting the human population due to their zoonotic potential. The aim of the current Special Issue is to cover recent and novel research trends in zoonotic diseases in wildlife, including the relevant topics related to wildlife, zoonosis, public health, emerging diseases, infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

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