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The book analyzes the Continental Campaign for the Eradication of Aedes aegypti, the first and most lasting international eradication program ever implemented. Launched in 1947 under the auspices of the Pan American Sanitary Organization (OSP), then directed by the American physician Frederick Soper, it continued the World Campaign for the Eradication of Yellow Fever, officially started in 1918, after the end of the First World War , by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Continental Campaign synthesized important transformations from post-World War II and signaled a new pattern of relationship between international organizations and the North American government with the countries of Latin America, especially Brazil, with a greater preponderance of these. The book offers us an original analysis of the efforts made in the recent past and subsidies to successfully carry out this confrontation in the present - the recent epidemic caused by the Zika virus puts the fight against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, also responsible for transmission, back on the agenda. dengue and chikungunya fever.