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This study is the first monograph to attempt a synthetic treatment of the career of Thomas Erastus (1524-1583). Erastus was a central player in the conversion of the Electoral Palatinate to Reformed Christianity in the early 1560's and a co-author of the Heidelberg Catechism. In the church discipline controversy of the 1560's and 1570's, Erastus opposed the Calvinist effort to institute a consistory of elders with independent authority over excommunication. Erastus ́s defeat in this controversy, and the ensuing Antitrinitarian affair, proved the watershed of his career. He turned to the refutation of Paracelsus and a debate with Johann Weyer on the punishment of witches. The epilogue tracks Erastus ́s later career and the reception of his works into the seventeenth century.