This reprint focuses on artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) all over the world, as well as its impact on the economy, environment, and health, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems. This book presents a total of 20 published articles of regions including Southeast Asia, South America, and South Africa, as well as a general overview of ASGM issues. Studies included in this book posit that (1) ASGM activity is still widely practiced as an alternative livelihood in rural areas in many countries around the world, using toxic elements such as Hg and cyanide due to a lack of legal enforcement on the ASGM sector; (2) ASGM has a negative impact on environmental ecosystems, causes occupational health problems for miners, and causes chronic health disorders in both ASGM communities and those living far from ASGM areas. However, some studies propose that specific potential bioindicators could be used to monitor the environment and health of those living in ASGM communities, providing sustainable solutions to severe ASGM problems.

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Human lactation has evolved to produce a milk composition that is uniquely-designed for the human infant. Not only does human milk optimize infant growth and development, it also provides protection from infection and disease. More recently, the importance of human milk and breastfeeding in the programming of infant health has risen to the fore. Anchoring of infant feeding in the developmental origins of health and disease has led to a resurgence of research focused in this area. Milk composition is highly variable both between and within mothers. Indeed the distinct maternal human milk signature, including its own microbiome, is influenced by environmental factors, such as diet, health, body composition and geographic residence. An understanding of these changes will lead to unravelling the adaptation of milk to the environment and its impact on the infant. In terms of the promotion of breastfeeding, health economics and epidemiology is instrumental in shaping public health policy and identifying barriers to breastfeeding. Further, basic research is imperative in order to design evidence-based interventions to improve both breastfeeding duration and women’s breastfeeding experience.

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Water acquisition, storage, allocation and distribution are intensely contested in our society, whether, for instance, such issues pertain to a conflict between upstream and downstream farmers located on a small stream or to a large dam located on the border of two nations. Water conflicts are mostly studied as disputes around access to water resources or the formulation of water laws and governance rules. However, explicitly or not, water conflicts nearly always also involve disputes among different philosophical views. The contributions to this edited volume have looked at the politics of contested knowledge as manifested in the conceptualisation, design, development, implementation and governance of large dams and mega-hydraulic infrastructure projects in various parts of the world. The special issue has explored the following core questions: Which philosophies and claims on mega-hydraulic projects are encountered, and how are they shaped, validated, negotiated and contested in concrete contexts? Whose knowledge counts and whose knowledge is downplayed in water development conflict situations, and how have different epistemic communities and cultural-political identities shaped practices of design, planning and construction of dams and mega-hydraulic projects? The contributions have also scrutinised how these epistemic communities interactively shape norms, rules, beliefs and values about water problems and solutions, including notions of justice, citizenship and progress that are subsequently to become embedded in material artefacts.

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The rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 has presented unprecedented challenges on education systems. Closing schools and universities and cancelling face-to-face activities have become a COVID-19 inevitable reality in most parts of the world. To be business-as-usual, many higher education providers have taken steps toward digital transformation, and implementing a range of remote teaching, learning and assessment approaches. This book provides timely research on COVID-19 impacts on education systems and seeks to bring together scholars, educators, policymakers and practitioners to collectively and critically identify, investigate and share best practices that lead to rethinking and reframing the way we deliver education in future.

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Dating and geochemical analyses of detrital minerals (mainly zircons) combined with traditional methods, such as heavy minerals and sandstone modes, are a powerful tool in paleogeographic and paleotectonic research and industrial applications.

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Die Indigenenbewegung ist trotz ihrer enormen Diversität ein wichtiger sozialer Akteur in der ecuadorianischen Gesellschaft. Seit einer Sattelzeit zwischen Mitte der 1970er und Mitte der 1980er Jahre hat sie einen Diskurs herausgebildet, der identitäre mit klassistischen Positionen verbindet und um die politischen Begriffe indigene Nationalität, Territorialität, Plurinationalität, Interkulturalität und Gutes Leben herum aufgebaut ist. Philipp Altmann zeigt, wie sich dieser Diskurs gegen die koloniale Strukturierung der Gesellschaft und ihre Auswirkungen - wie etwa Diskriminierung und Ungleichheit - wendet und daher dekolonial zu verstehen ist.

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This Special Issue contributes to the debate on land grabbing as commons grabbing with a special focus on how the development of state institutions (formal laws and regulations for agrarian development and compensations) and voluntary corporate social responsibility (CRS) initiatives have enabled the grabbing process. It also looks at how these institutions and CSR programs are used as development strategies of states and companies to legitimate their investments. This Special Issue includes case studies from Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Cambodia, Bolivia and Ecuador analysing how these strategies are embedded into neo-liberal ideologies of economic development. We propose looking at James Ferguson’s notion of the Anti-Politics Machine (1990) that served to uncover the hidden political basis of state-driven development strategies. We think it is of interest to test the approach for analysing development discourses and CSR-policies in agrarian investments. We argue based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach that these legitimize the institutional change from common to state and private property of land and land related common pool resources which is the basis of commons grabbing that also grabbed the capacity for resilience of local people.

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The world needs an accelerated energy transition to meet sustainable development goals. Energy planning has a critical role in providing the information that can guide decision-makers, and energy planning methods continue to evolve rapidly. This Special Issue provides new insights for long-term energy planning, drawing on the Clean Energy Ministerial Long Term Energy Planning Scenarios initiative and the IRENA LTES network.

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This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.

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This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.

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Este libro intenta mostrar la representación textual de las islas Galápagos desde su descubrimiento hasta nuestros días. El argumento principal sugiere que la descripción de este espacio crucial para la modernidad, dada la retórica de los escritores de viajes y ficción, transforma el área insular para concebir formas alternativas del proyecto de construcción nacional en América Latina. Como resultado de las empresas coloniales, excursiones científicas, crónicas periodísticas o expediciones, la escritura de viaje de las Galápagos condiciona la formación del estado y su imaginario nacional. Esto ocurre por el capital simbólico que posee archipiélago y por el deseo de los intelectuales latinoamericanos de pertenecer a un territorio cosmopolita. El espacio insular funciona como un significante vacío donde los viajeros pueden comunicar su propio significado al narrar las experiencias de sus viajes. Este fenómeno crea una división conceptual y política entre la identidad de las islas y la nación ecuatoriana. Dichas ambigüedades narrativas crearon una ruptura que condujo a variaciones fundamentales en la forma en que los habitantes locales y entidades extranjeras interpretan las Galápagos hoy en día, ya que su literatura refleja una tensión particular de cara a las tendencias migratorias en las islas, así como los intereses globales que prevalecen en la apropiación del espacio. This book, written in Spanish, takes a literary and cultural studies model to explain the textual representation of the Galápagos Islands since their discovery until present day. The main argument suggests that the depiction of this crucial space for modernity in Western thought, given the rhetoric of travel and fiction writers, transforms the insular area with the intention of conceiving disparate forms of political displacement. Specifically, these depictions show several conflicts that arose from the seeking of identity in Ecuador during the nation-building project that took place at the time. As a result of colonial enterprises (scientific excursions, exile, tourism, journalistic pieces, expeditions, etc.), travel writings of the Galápagos condition the formation of the state and its national imagery because of the extreme symbolic capital of the archipelago and the desire of Latin American intellectuals to belong to a cosmopolitan territory.

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The growth of the global meat industry and the implications for climate change, food insecurity, workers' rights, the treatment of animals, and other issues. Global meat production and consumption have risen sharply and steadily over the past five decades, with per capita meat consumption almost doubling since 1960. The expanding global meat industry, meanwhile, driven by new trade policies and fueled by government subsidies, is dominated by just a few corporate giants. Industrial farming—the intensive production of animals and fish—has spread across the globe. Millions of acres of land are now used for pastures, feed crops, and animal waste reservoirs. Drawing on concrete examples, the contributors to Global Meat explore the implications of the rise of a global meat industry for a range of social and environmental issues, including climate change, clean water supplies, hunger, workers' rights, and the treatment of animals. Three themes emerge from their discussions: the role of government and corporations in shaping the structure of the global meat industry; the paradox of simultaneous rising meat production and greater food insecurity; and the industry's contribution to social and environmental injustice. Contributors address such specific topics as the dramatic increase in pork production and consumption in China; land management by small-scale cattle farmers in the Amazon; the effect on the climate of rising greenhouse gas emissions from cattle raised for meat; and the tensions between economic development and animal welfare. Contributors Conner Bailey, Robert M. Chiles, Celize Christy, Riva C. H. Denny, Carrie Freshour, Philip H. Howard, Elizabeth Ransom, Tom Rudel, Mindi Schneider, Nhuong Tran, Bill Winders

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The book collects nine original contributions in the field of integrated geophysical methods for the characterization and modeling of shallow aquifers. The first contribution introduces the following eight contributions into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution integrates seismic and electrical techniques to define geometry and identify the transient groundwater features in a coastal alluvial aquifer. The third contribution assesses the effectiveness of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to study the geometry of a thick carbonate aquifer. The fourth contribution couples electrical techniques with implicit modeling tools to characterize the geometry and saltwater intrusion in a coastal alluvial aquifers. The fifth contribution combines electrical techniques and datasets from borehole logs to analyze the inner geometry of a gravel-bed ephemeral stream. The sixth contribution uses electromagnetic and seismic techniques to evaluate the groundwater resource in a coastal town hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. The seventh contribution uses geophysical and hydrochemical data to assess groundwater contamination in an industrial chemical complex. The eighth contribution compiles and examines different geophysical prospecting surveys of interest in groundwater research in a large urban area. The ninth contribution uses electrical and electromagnetic techniques to assess surface water and shallow groundwater salinity in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem.

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En 1988 se institucionalizaba en Ecuador el primer modelo educativo bilingüe en Latinoamérica manejado de manera autónoma por un movimiento social indígena. La voluntad era desafiar a las jerarquías del saber y a una sociedad excluyente. Desde el periodo colonial, se había confinado a la población indígena, sus idiomas, conocimientos y prácticas a una condición subalterna y de invisibilidad. Se lo había hecho mediante discursos y medidas que imaginaron y fabricaron ‘el otro en cuanto otro’, y lo redujeron al espacio del no humano, para legitimar la explotación y la opresión. El movimiento indígena, creador del proyecto, irrumpió en la historia con el levantamiento de 1990, y se presentó como fuerza subversiva cuyo fin era descolonizar el imaginario racista ecuatoriano. Propuso un reto político y epistemológico, para construir lo que el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano ha llamado ‘interculturalidad crítica’. Esta propuesta, diferente al multiculturalismo, se forja en un contradiscurso que se fundamenta en crear un grupo (‘nosotros, los indígenas’) ligado por siglos de discriminación, y una cultura ‘ancestral’ y ‘milenaria’, que se recrea y se reinventa al reivindicar una nueva identidad.

En este libro la autora analiza las razones históricas por las cuales emergió el proyecto de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en Ecuador. Además, las tensiones entre este, orientado a descolonizar el saber y a subvertir las jerarquías racializadas, y cómo se aplicó en un Estado que se declara ‘intercultural y plurinacional’.

Mediante un análisis históricamente fundado y sólidamente anclado en el trabajo de campo, tratará de responder a las múltiples cuestiones que se plantean en la práctica cotidiana del proyecto.

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En 1988 se institucionalizaba en Ecuador el primer modelo educativo bilingüe en Latinoamérica manejado de manera autónoma por un movimiento social indígena. La voluntad era desafiar a las jerarquías del saber y a una sociedad excluyente. Desde el periodo colonial, se había confinado a la población indígena, sus idiomas, conocimientos y prácticas a una condición subalterna y de invisibilidad. Se lo había hecho mediante discursos y medidas que imaginaron y fabricaron ‘el otro en cuanto otro’, y lo redujeron al espacio del no humano, para legitimar la explotación y la opresión. El movimiento indígena, creador del proyecto, irrumpió en la historia con el levantamiento de 1990, y se presentó como fuerza subversiva cuyo fin era descolonizar el imaginario racista ecuatoriano. Propuso un reto político y epistemológico, para construir lo que el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano ha llamado ‘interculturalidad crítica’. Esta propuesta, diferente al multiculturalismo, se forja en un contradiscurso que se fundamenta en crear un grupo (‘nosotros, los indígenas’) ligado por siglos de discriminación, y una cultura ‘ancestral’ y ‘milenaria’, que se recrea y se reinventa al reivindicar una nueva identidad.

En este libro la autora analiza las razones históricas por las cuales emergió el proyecto de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en Ecuador. Además, las tensiones entre este, orientado a descolonizar el saber y a subvertir las jerarquías racializadas, y cómo se aplicó en un Estado que se declara ‘intercultural y plurinacional’.

Mediante un análisis históricamente fundado y sólidamente anclado en el trabajo de campo, tratará de responder a las múltiples cuestiones que se plantean en la práctica cotidiana del proyecto.

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The book entitled Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research describes various aspects of ethnopharmacological uses of medicinal plants; extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants; various aspects of biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activity, etc., as well as characterization of plant secondary metabolites as active substances from medicinal plants.

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The devastating effects caused by the recent catastrophic earthquakes that took place all over the world from Japan, New Zealand, to Chile, as well as those occurring in the Mediterranean basin, have once again shown that ground motion, although a serious source of direct damage, is not the only parameter to be considered, with most damage being the result of coseismic geological effects that are directly connected to the earthquake source or caused by ground shaking. The primary environmental effects induced by earthquakes as well as the secondary effects (sensu Environmental Seismic Intensity - ESI 2007 scale) must be considered for a more correct and complete evaluation of seismic hazards, at both regional and local scales. This Special Issue aims to collect all contributions that, using different methodologies, integrate new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods. These methodologies are essential for the identification and characterization of seismically active areas, and for the development of new hazard models, obtained using different survey techniques. The topic attracted a lot of interest, 19 peer-reviewed articles were collected; moreover, different areas of the world have been analyzed through these methodologies: Italy, USA, Spain, Australia, Ecuador, Guatemala, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, China, Japan, and Nepal.

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For decades, studies of oil-related conflicts have focused on the effects of natural resource mismanagement, with the attendant economic booms and busts, or clashes between rebels and ruling governments over hydrocarbon resources. In Oil Sparks in the Amazon, Patricia I. Vásquez writes that while oil busts and civil wars are common, the tension over oil in the Amazon has played out in ways inextricable from the region itself. Oil disputes in the Amazon primarily involve local indigenous populations. These groups’ social and cultural identities differ from the rest of the population, and the diverse disputes over land, displacement, water contamination, jobs, and wealth distribution reflect those differences. Vásquez’s conflict analyses, and her recommendations to resolve or prevent them, are based on fifteen years of travel to the oil-producing regions of Latin America, and hundreds of interviews with the stakeholders in local conflicts.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2017: Backlist Collection

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Thanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important practical and ethical questions. This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created, they are not fossilized as a consequence of being archived. Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete examples of overcoming barriers—ethical, practical and conceptual—in digital documentation projects. Oral Literature in the Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists, librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to document and preserve oral traditions.

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Thanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important practical and ethical questions. This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created, they are not fossilized as a consequence of being archived. Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete examples of overcoming barriers—ethical, practical and conceptual—in digital documentation projects. Oral Literature in the Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists, librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to document and preserve oral traditions.

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Plant essential oils (PEOs) are hydrophobic liquids that contain volatile chemical components that are derived from various plant parts. They are among the most important plant natural products because of their diverse biological features as well as their therapeutic and nutritional applications. In addition, several aromatic PEOs are used to flavor food and add aromas to incense in the culinary sector. Recently, many PEOs have demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity against different post-harvest diseases and have been considered as possible natural alternatives for chemical treatments. This Special Issue titled “Plant Essential Oil with Biological Activity” provided an overview of several elements of PEOs, including their biological applications, antimicrobial activities, bio-pharmaceutical properties, principal single constituents, and mechanisms of action. This Special Issues fills in knowledge gaps and aids in the advancement of EO applications around the world. This issue contains thirteen research articles and two review papers that address a wide range of topics and applications relevant to the bioactivity of PEOs.

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This book examines interculturality in education in Ecuador at the crossroads between an educational model inherited from the colonial past, which still represents white and mestizo hegemony, and a vision of an alternative form of decolonizing education that contributes to the development of an intercultural and plurinational state, as promised in the Ecuadorian Constitution. Championing indigenous voices and discussing the role of education in the fight against poverty and in the recovery of cultural and ecological diversity, the authors propose that quality education for all, a target of the Sustainable Development Goals, should move out of the commonly defined models of technological modernization and cultural globalization that disvalue knowledge from other cultures. Through their analysis of practical experimentations of indigenous and intercultural education in Amazonian schools and universities, they conclude that enhanced preservation of indigenous languages, cultures and ecological knowledge prove fundamental prerequisites for biological conservation and strengthening societies’ resilience to climate change threats.

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Flüchtlinge stehen vor vielen Problemen, die nicht nur in ihren Heimatländern entstehen, sondern häufig durch die Politik anderer Staaten und internationaler Organisationen verursacht werden. Flüchtlinge leben in unentschiedenen Zuständen. Obwohl die Flucht vor kriegerischer Gewalt seit Jahrzehnten prominentes Thema der internationalen Politik ist, weist die globale Flüchtlingspolitik erhebliche Lücken auf. Dieser Band zeigt durch Fallstudien zu palästinensischen Flüchtlingen, zu Flüchtlingen aus Sri Lanka, Liberia, Kolumbien, Kosovo und anderen Regionen, wie Politik mit Flüchtlingen gemacht wird und welche Folgen die Politik der Unentschiedenheit für sie hat.

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Este libro ofrece el primer estudio histórico integral sobre la teología de la liberación en Ecuador. Al indagar más allá del llamado »Obispo de los Indios« (L. Proaño), la obra desmitifica las narrativas dominantes sobre el activismo católico postconciliar en los Andes. Este estudio, a partir de la investigación de archivo y la historia oral, explora los entrelazamientos entre el catolicismo progresista latinoamericano, el activismo religioso local, y la formación del movimiento indígena. Repensar la Revolución del Poncho arroja nuevas luces sobre las expresiones locales de un fenómeno transnacional, y sus vínculos con los discursos sobre derechos humanos y la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo.

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This book offers the first comprehensive historical research of liberation theology in Ecuador. Looking beyond the so-called "Bishop of the Indians" (L. Proaño), it demythologizes dominant narratives about post-conciliar Catholic activism in the Andes. This study, drawing on archival research and oral history, explores the entanglements of Latin American progressive Catholicism, local religious activism, and the formation of the indigenous movement. Rethinking Revolution of the Poncho sheds new light on the local expressions of a transnational phenomenon, and its links to human rights discourses and international development cooperation.

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In the absence of a widely accepted and common definition of social enterprise (SE), a large research project, the "International Comparative Social Enterprise Models" (ICSEM) Project, was carried out over a five-year period; it involved more than 200 researchers from 55 countries and relied on bottom-up approaches to capture the SE phenomenon. This strategy made it possible to take into account and give legitimacy to locally embedded approaches, thus resulting in an analysis encompassing a wide diversity of social enterprises, while simultaneously allowing for the identification of major SE models to delineate the field on common grounds at the international level. These SE models reveal or confirm an overall trend towards new ways of sharing the responsibility for the common good in today’s economies and societies. We tend to consider as good news the fact that social enterprises actually stem from all parts of the economy. Indeed, societies are facing many complex challenges at all levels, from the local to the global level. The diversity and internal variety of SE models are a sign of a broadly shared willingness to develop appropriate although sometimes embryonic—responses to these challenges, on the basis of innovative economic/business models driven by a social mission. In spite of their weaknesses, social enterprises may be seen as advocates for and vehicles of the general interest across the whole economy. Of course, the debate about privatisation, deregulation and globalised market competition—all factors that may hinder efforts in the search for the common good–has to be addressed as well. The second of a series of four ICSEM books, Social Enterprise in Latin America will serve as a key reference and resource for teachers, researchers, students, experts, policy makers, journalists and other categories of people who want to acquire a broad understanding of the phenomena of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship as they emerge and develop across the world.

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Russland sei nach Lateinamerika zurückgekehrt, stellte der damalige Präsident Medwedew 2010 fest. Wie diese Intensivierung der Beziehungen zwischen Russland und drei Ländern Lateinamerikas – Ecuador, Kuba und Brasilien – zustande kam, untersucht die Studie anhand eines multidimensionalen geopolitischen Ansatzes. Basierend auf Erkenntnissen aus der praktischen Politik und akademischen Arbeiten liefert die Autorin eine Definition für das bis dato vage Konzept ‚strategische Partnerschaft‘ und zeichnet mithilfe einer prozessorientierten Methode die Entwicklung dieser Partnerschaften im Zeitraum 1992-2017 nach.; Russia returned to Latin America, former President Medvedev said in 2010. The study uses a multidimensional geopolitical approach to examine how this intensification of relations between Russia and three Latin American countries, Ecuador, Cuba and Brazil, came about. Based on findings from practical politics and academic work, the author provides a definition of the hitherto vague concept of 'strategic partnership' and traces the development of these partnerships in the period 1992-2017 using a process-oriented method.

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: San José Hospital. Azogues- Ecuador

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This reprint comprises 17 papers published in the Special Issue entitled “The Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Markets and the Real Economy”, centered on socioeconomic models affected by the pandemic (Vasin, 2022); the COVID-19 impact on various sectors or the economy as a whole, for instance in Canada (Singh et al., 2022), China (Habibi et al., 2022), Slovakia (Svabova et al., 2022), the United States (Rodousakis & Soklis, 2022) or Vietnam (Huynh et al., 2021; Nguyen et al., 2022); the benefits of teleworking on the continuity of operations across various sectors (Santos et al., 2022); research of the tourism and recreational possibilities of Russia and Kazakhstan’s cross-border regions and the threats these areas faced during the pandemic (Tanina et al., 2022), the impact of the new coronavirus infection on the Russian labor market (Rodionov et al., 2022); the factors driving young Vietnamese people’s intention to use financial technology in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak (Khuong et al., 2022) or those influencing access to credit for informal labor sector (Vu and Ho, 2022); predicting and analyzing Jordanian insurance firms’ performance (Altarawneh et al., 2022) or developing an early warning system for solvency risk in the banking industry (Hidayat et al., 2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of the pandemic on European stock markets (Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene and Kviklis, 2022); the drivers of cross-border mergers and acquisitions during the pandemic (Lee et al., 2021); examining the financial and fiscal variables of Ecuadorian economic groups (Tulcanaza-Prieto and Morocho-Cayamcela, 2021).

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Rivers, landscapes, whole territories: these are the latest entities environmental activists have fought hard to include in the relentless expansion of rights in our world. But what does it mean for a landscape to have rights? Why would anyone want to create such rights, and to what end? Is it a good idea, and does it come with risks? This book presents the logic behind giving nature rights and discusses the most important cases in which this has happened, ranging from constitutional rights of nature in Ecuador to rights for rivers in New Zealand, Colombia, and India. Mihnea Tanasescu offers clear answers to the thorny questions that the intrusion of nature into law is sure to raise.

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