This book provides a comprehensive overview of dehydration techniques. It includes six chapters that discuss various methods of food dehydration. Some of these processes include advanced drying methods that utilize microwaves, infrared radiation, and radio frequency, as well as techniques like hot air, vacuum, fluidized bed, and freeze-drying. Chapters explore the advantages and disadvantages of the various processes, including hybrid techniques that increase the efficiency of drying and improve the quality of the dried products. Other topics explored include the kinetics of hydrogel dehydration and pre-treatment processes such as those that utilize ultrasound.

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Burn injuries are still one of the most common and devastating injuries in human and the treatment of major burns remains a major challenge for physicians worldwide. Modern burn care involves many components from initial first aid, burn size and burn depth assessment, fluid resuscitation, wound care, excision and grafting/ coverage, infection control and nutritional support. Progress in each of these areas has contributed significantly to the overall enhanced survival of burn victims of the past decades. Most major advances in burn care occurred in the past 50 years, spurred on by wars and great fires. The use of systemic antibiotics and topical antiinfective agents greatly reduced sepsis related mortality. This along with the improvement of new surgical and skin grafting techniques allowed the earlier excision and coverage of deep burns which resulted in greatly improved survival rates and better functional and aesthetic outcome. In this book we look back at how the treatment of burns has evolved over the past decades and hundreds of years. The advancement of burn care has been closely associated with our deeper understanding of its pathophysiology; we have now come to understand the impact that burn injuries have in the multiple fields of current medical science i.e. in metabolism and circulation, electrolyte balance and nutrition, immunology and infection, inflammation, pulmonary function and wound healing.

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This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader.

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This e-book aims to compile advances in the area of food manufacturing including packaging to address issues of food safety, quality, fraud, and how these processes (new or old) could affect the organoleptic characteristics of foods, with the aim to promote consumers’ satisfaction. Moreover, food supply issues are explored. New and improved technologies are employed in the area of food manufacturing to address consumer needs in terms of quality and safety. The issues of research and development should be taken into account seriously before launching a new product onto the market. Finally, food fraud and authenticity are very important issues, and the food industry should focus on addressing them.

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"Advances in Sustainable Polymeric Materials" is a compilation of 22 articles highlighting the recent progress in the research and development of polymeric materials, with an emphasis on sustainability. Some papers focus on developing biodegradable plastics obtained from renewable sources such as starch and biomass waste. Other articles discuss modification techniques to improve the mechanical properties of biopolymers such as PLA and PHAs. The use of recycled polymeric materials in the construction industry is highlighted as a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution.Other studies include investigations on polymer-modified bitumen, a novel sound-absorbing material made from used palm-oil-based polyurethane foam and water hyacinth fibre composite, bio-based epoxy-lignin coatings, TiO2 nanocomposites, the photocatalytic activity of different polymeric composites, sustainable elastomers, interactions between vanillyl-alcohol-based epoxy and cross-linkers, polyvinyl chloride sorbent for rare earth elements, lignin-based thermoplastic, the chemical foaming process of polylactic acid, microencapsulation strategies for essential oils, electrochemical sensors for glucose determination, and an intelligent drug delivery system based on pH-sensitive polymeric formulations.It is important to recognize that the field of sustainable polymeric materials is vast and rapidly evolving, and while a single volume cannot entirely capture all the developments occurring in this field, this collection provides readers with a valuable introduction and overview of the topic.

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Advances in synthesis of metallic, oxidic and composite powders were presented via the following methods: ultrasound-assisted leaching¸ ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, ball milling, molten salt electrolysis, galvanostatic electrolysis, hydrogen reduction, thermochemical decomposition, inductively coupled thermal plasma, precipitation and high pressure carbonation in an autoclave. This Special Issue contains 17 papers from Europe, Asia, Australia, South Africa and the Balkans. The synthesis was focused on metals: Co, Cu; Re; oxides: ZnO, MgO, SiO2; V2O5; sulfides: MoS2, core shell material: Cu-Al2O3, Pt/TiO2; compounds: Ca0.75Ce0.25ZrTi2O7, Mo5Si3, Ti6Al4V. The environmentally friendly strategies were presented at the carbonation of olivine, treatment of acid mine drainage water and production of vanadium oxide.

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This reprint is related to the latest research in the field of thyroid surgery, including molecular and imaging diagnosis, surgical treatment, and the treatment of recurrent disease and advanced thyroid carcinoma.

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This reprint titled “Analysis of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Plant, Food, and Pharmaceutical Products Using Chromatographic Techniques” deals with the separation and analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products. A growing tendency toward the discovery and use of natural bioactive compounds that are least harmful, have the fewest side effects, and fit the human body the most naturally has been noticed during the past few decades. As evidenced by the rise in recent studies on the therapeutic properties of plants, this trend has caused a return of healthcare professionals to nature and plants, but with a modern approach that specifically questions how plants help to heal humans and what their exact effects on the human body are. In order to identify and analyze natural bioactive compounds in plant, food, and pharmaceutical products, this reprint attempted to compile latest improvements, advancements, and analytical innovations in chromatographic techniques. In the last few decades, tremendous research on the analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products using wide range of chromatography techniques have been performed. This reprint has brought together prominent researchers who have explored a diverse applications range of chromatographic techniques in the extraction, separation, identification, and analysis of natural bioactive compounds.

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There are a variety of anesthetic management options during surgery, and these are constantly evolving. Both innovative and confirmatory research are important if the scientific community aims to develop and improve people’s quality of care. This reprint introduces new avenues and covers questions regarding innovative anesthetic techniques and unmet needs after surgery, paving the way for future improvements. It can be useful for both clinicians and clinical researchers, especially in light of the expansion of concepts like personalized care.

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Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.

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Advanced and novel thermal technologies, such as ohmic heating, dielectric heating (e.g., microwave heating and radio frequency heating), and inductive heating, have been developed to improve the effectiveness of heat processing whilst guaranteeing food safety and eliminating undesirable impacts on the organoleptic and nutritional properties of foods. Novel thermal technologies rely on heat generation directly inside foods, which has implications for improving the overall energy efficiency of the heating process itself. The use of novel thermal technologies is dependent on the complexity and inherent properties of the food materials of interest (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, water content, pH, rheological properties, food porosity, and presence of particulates). Moreover, there is a need to address the combined use of thermal processing with emerging technologies such as pulsed electric fields, high hydrostatic pressure, and ultrasound to complement the conventional thermal processing of fluid or solid foods. This Special Issue provides readers with an overview of the latest applications of various novel technologies in food processing. A total of eight cutting-edge original research papers and one comprehensive review paper discussing novel processing technologies from the perspectives of food safety, sustainability, process engineering, (bio)chemical changes, health, nutrition, sensory issues, and consumers are covered in this Special Issue.

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Over the few coming decades, bio-based and biodegradable plastics produced from sustainable bioresources should essentially substitute the prevalent synthetic plastics produced from exhaustible hydrocarbon fossils. To the greatest extend, this innovative trend has to apply to the packaging manufacturing area and especially to food packaging implementation. To supply the rapid production increment of biodegradable plastics, there must be provided the effective development of scientific-technical potential that promotes the comprehensive exploration of their structural, functional, and dynamic characteristics. In this regard, the transition from passive barrier materials preventing water and oxygen transport as well as bacteria infiltration to active functional packaging that ensures gas diffusion selectivity, antiseptics' and other modifiers' release should be based on the thorough study of biopolymer crystallinity, morphology, diffusivity, controlled biodegradability and life cycle assessment. This Special Issue accumulates the papers of international teams that devoted to scientific and industrial bases providing the biodegradable material development in the barrier and active packaging as well as in agricultural applications. We hope that book will bring great interest to the experts in the area of sustainable biopolymers.

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Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world’s energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world’s energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on “Biomass Wastes for Energy Production” brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world’s energy supply systems.

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The overarching goal of this book is to provide a current picture of the latest developments in the capabilities of biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing in an affordable setting, such as advances in the technology involving light sources, and delivery, acoustic detection, and image reconstruction and processing algorithms. This book includes 14 chapters from globally prominent researchers , covering a comprehensive spectrum of photoacoustic imaging topics from technology developments and novel imaging methods to preclinical and clinical studies, predominantly in a cost-effective setting. Affordability is undoubtedly an important factor to be considered in the following years to help translate photoacoustic imaging to clinics around the globe. This first-ever book focused on biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing using affordable resources is thus timely, especially considering the fact that this technique is facing an exciting transition from benchtop to bedside. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists and engineers in academia and industry, as well as medical experts interested in the clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging.

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Brain diseases currently affect one in six people worldwide; they include a wide range of neurological diseases, from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases to epilepsy, brain injuries, brain cancer, neuroinfections, and strokes. The treatment of these diseases is complex and limited due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which covers the entirety of the brain. The BBB not only has the function of protecting the brain from harmful substances; it is also a metabolic barrier and a transport regulator of nutrients/serum factors/neurotoxins. Knowing these characteristics when it comes to the treatment of brain diseases makes it easier to understand the lack of efficacy of therapeutic drugs, resulting from the innate resistance of the BBB to permeation. To overcome this limitation, drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology/microtechnology have been developed. Brain-targeted drug delivery enables targeted therapy with a higher therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects because it targets moieties present in the drug delivery systems.

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In Canada, survival from breast cancer has steadily increased since 1989, and breast cancer mortality has decreased by 48%. While 82% of women with breast cancer are diagnosed at stage 1 or 2, there are still 18% who present at a late stage and 25% who develop metastatic disease. Improved survival has been achieved through early diagnosis of breast cancer with screening, allowing for more effective and targeted treatments. This reprint summarizes the latest evidence on the early detection of breast cancer and highlights areas where this may be improved.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

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This special issue brings together cutting edge research and insightful commentary on the currentl state of the Cancer Nanomedicine field.

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Increasing attention is being paid to the development of effective technologies for the sequestration of CO2 and its storage. Hopefully, this will result in processes that can lead to its valorisation as a chemical, e.g., for the regeneration of fuels, but also for the production of intermediates. These are usually energy demands and rather slow processes, requiring energy input and catalysts. Some examples are the innovative strategies for the hydrogenation, photoconversion, or electroreduction of carbon dioxide. This book collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the challenges related to the valorisation and conversion of CO2.

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Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving area that has been buoyed in recent years by the development of methods harnessing the activity of ultrasound-stimulated bubbles, known as cavitation. When properly controlled, cavitation can help overcome physical barriers to drug delivery whilst providing readily measurable information for timely quantitative feedback and treatment guidance. Microbubble-assisted therapies have demonstrated impressive advancements in clinical trials and pre-clinical areas, including applications in neurology, oncology, cardiology and beyond.

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This book, written by experts, aims to provide a detailed overview of recent advances in oenology. Book chapters include the latest progress in the chemistry and biochemistry of winemaking, stabilisation, and ageing, covering the impact of phenolic compounds and their transformation products on wine sensory characteristics, emerging non-thermal technologies, fermentation with non-Saccharomyces yeasts, pathways involved in aroma compound synthesis, the effect of wood chips use on wine quality, the chemical changes occurring during Port wine ageing, sensory mechanisms of astringency, physicochemical wine instabilities and defects, and the role of cork stoppers in wine bottle ageing. It is highly recommended to academic researchers, practitioners in wine industries, as well as graduate and PhD students in oenology and food science.

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Ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) is an emerging diagnostic technique in several medical fields due to its unique characteristic of providing a submillimeter resolution of anatomical structures. UHFUS was initially developed for pre-clinical settings, with the first clinical application reported only in the early 2000s. To date, an increasing number of applications have been described for the investigation of dermatological, vascular, musculoskeletal and oral diseases. Compared with other ultrasonographic techniques, UHFUS presents the major advantage of providing real-time imaging, along with being repeatable over time, which makes this technique suitable for all stages of disease work-up, from diagnosis to surgical planning and follow-up.There are excellent research opportunities in this field, summarized by the focus of this Special Issue, including the following: novel UHFUS applications and comparison with state-of-the-art techniques; reliability in the diagnosis, prognosis, surgical planning and follow-up of various pathological conditions; and the strengths and weaknesses in clinical and pre-clinical settings.

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This Special Issue focuses on treating the associated comorbidities and complications of cerebral palsy. Increased prescription of technology means that we are treating some comorbidities of cerebral palsy earlier or even pre-emptively. Increased life expectancy, compared with 20 years ago, means that we are also seeing even later complications of cerebral palsy. However, increased access to intensive medical care at home, non-invasive ventilation, and total parenteral nutrition now exist. There is also greater engagement with the perspectives and expectations of parents/carers and children. As society begins to discuss mental health more openly, we are also starting to recognise the significant two-way associations between disability and mental health. Ethical consultation may be warranted when harm with treatment exceeds the benefit. As we prepare children with cerebral palsy for adulthood, there is more thought and discussion around issues such as pain, mental health, quality of life, independence, and participation. Researchers in the field of cerebral palsy have contributed original articles and reviews which help build our evidence base to guide shared decision making.

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As Editor-in-Chief of the journal Diabetology, I am pleased to announce the Special Issue “Diabetology: Feature Papers 2021” is now published in book format. Diabetology (ISSN 2673-4540) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, management, complications, and prevention of diabetes, including the molecular, biochemical, and physiological aspects of diabetes. In this Special Issue, “Feature Papers”, we aim to publish outstanding contributions in the main fields covered by the journal, which will make a great contribution to the community. This book covers the whole spectrum of diabetology from risk screening, risk markers, pathways of disease in type 1 diabetes and insulin treatment, and management of the disease and comorbidities.

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Musculoskeletal disorders are a serious burden for patients and modern society. In Europe alone, 100,000,000 individuals suffer from musculoskeletal disorders and 40,000,000 affected workers cause losses due to work absence and a productivity loss of EUR 12 billion per year. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders are the second most common cause of pain and disability. Adequate diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are key elements in the care for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, yet, for many musculoskeletal disorders, diagnostic tests lack appropriate accuracy. Treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is challenging as the mechanisms causing the complaints and mechanisms of action for the available treatment options are largely unknown. Moreover, these mechanisms and effectiveness might depend on specific patients’ characteristics and call for personalized strategies. This Special Issue invited researchers in the field to contribute to the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. As many different healthcare professionals are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, the Special Issue published high-quality studies from different areas of healthcare. Studies reporting on original research (e.g., randomized controlled trials, cohort studies), but also systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses within the scope of the Special Issue were considered. Given recent debates around the effectiveness of surgical interventions for musculoskeletal disorders and concomitant risks for adverse side-effects, intervention studies on non-surgical treatment options were prioritized.

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In recent years, there have been outstanding achievements in stroke diagnosis and care. Our better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the advances in neuro-imaging have enabled us to diagnose stroke syndromes with remarkable precision and uncover underlying vessel pathologies that can be directly correlated to the stroke event. Within a short period of time, mechanical thrombectomy became the standard of care for patients with large vessel occlusions and symptom onset up to 24 hours, while other recent trials also suggest the use of perfusion imaging to guide intravenous thrombolysis in the extended time window. In this Special Issue, we will also extensively discuss relevant topics on secondary stroke prevention, including the prompt use of nonvitamin k oral anticoagulants and the potential effect of reversal agents in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage related to their use. We will also delineate treatment options for stroke patients with indication for long-term anticoagulation and high bleeding risk. Finally, a particular mention will be made for young patients with stroke, the extent of the diagnostic work-up, and the selection of those who would benefit from patent foramen ovale closure.

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