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A World without Measles and Rubella
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Measles and rubella continue to affect children worldwide, even though effective, safe, and inexpensive vaccines have been available for over 50 years. Although measles immunization is estimated to have prevented over 56 million childhood deaths since the year 2000, the residual annual burden of 136,216 measles deaths and 32,000 children born with congenital rubella syndrome is unacceptable. Eliminating measles and rubella worldwide is technically feasible, and every WHO region has set measles and rubella elimination targets. However, without a global target, regions are struggling with achieving and then sustaining measles/rubella elimination. Global measles/rubella-containing vaccination coverage stagnated at around 85% for over a decade before declining to lower levels in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many planned supplemental immunization activities intended to fill the immunity gaps were postponed or canceled during the pandemic. Additionally, nineteen countries have yet to introduce rubella-containing vaccines despite the overwhelming evidence of disease and economic burden, as well as ethical considerations.
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Keywords
- acute flaccid paralysis
- Africa
- agent-based model
- Americas
- antibody
- Barriers
- breakthrough infection
- Cambodia
- Clinical Trial
- Congenital Birth Defects
- congenital rubella syndrome
- congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
- coverage
- cultural adaptation
- Diagnostics
- disease elimination
- disease incidence
- Disease Outbreaks
- disease surveillance
- donor
- elimination
- Epidemic
- epidemiological factors
- Epidemiology
- Epidemiology of measles
- Epidemiology of rubella
- eradication
- European region
- external quality assessment
- fever–rash
- genotyping
- Global health partnerships
- global resurgence of measles
- global synchronization of elimination effort
- GMRLN
- health economic
- Health education
- health service needs and demand
- IgG
- IgG antibody
- IgG Avidity
- immune surveillance
- Immunity
- immunity gap
- immunity gaps
- immunization
- immunization coverage
- immunoglobulin
- import-related outbreak
- incidence
- Laboratories
- Laboratory
- Mathematical model
- Measles
- measles and rubella elimination in EMR
- measles and rubella surveillance
- measles elimination
- measles outbreak
- measles second dose
- measles vaccine
- measles-rubella laboratory
- MF-NCR
- microarray patches
- microneedle
- micropatch
- MMR
- MMR vaccination
- modeling
- molecular surveillance
- Mongolia
- multiplex assay
- N-450
- n/a
- Namibia
- network
- NHIG
- outbreak investigation
- Pan American Health Organization
- PCR
- phylogeny
- phylogeographic
- post-campaign coverage surveys
- public health surveillance
- RDTs
- regional resurgence of measles
- Risk assessment
- routine immunization
- rubella
- rubella elimination
- rubella surveillance
- rubella vaccine
- rubella vaccine introduction
- SEA Region
- second-year of life
- serological surveillance
- Serology
- seroprevalence
- serosurvey
- SIAs
- Singing
- Social Science
- Storytelling
- supplementary immunization activities
- surveillance
- surveillance trends
- sustainability of elimination
- transdermal patch
- Tunisia
- United States
- vaccination
- vaccination coverage
- Vaccination Programmes
- Vaccination Week in the Americas
- Vaccine
- vaccine delay
- vaccine equity
- vaccine failure
- vaccine hesitancy
- vaccine introduction
- Vaccine Preventable Diseases
- Vaccine Refusal
- vaccine uptake
- vaccine-preventable disease
- vaccine-preventable disease surveillance
- vaccine-preventable diseases
- Vaccines
- variability
- Verification
- viral diagnostics
- waning immunity
- Western Pacific Region
- WHO
- WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and vaccine preventable disease
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-7258-4214-8Editions