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A little-known fact about the prominent US psychologist and educator Carl E. Seashore (1866–1949) is that he was deeply involved in the American eugenics movement. He was among the US academics to support eugenics long before German Nazis embraced it. A titan in a host of disciplines and a proponent of radical education reform, Seashore used his positional power to promote a constellation of education reforms consistent with central precepts of eugenics. Many of these reforms, including tracking, gifted and talented programs, and high-stakes standardized testing, were adopted and remain standard practice in the United States today. He promulgated the idea that musical talent is biologically inheritable, and he developed the first standardized tests of musical talent; these tests were used by early-twentieth-century researchers in their attempts to determine whether there are race differences in musical talent. Seashore’s ideas and work profoundly shaped music education’s research trajectory, as well as enduring “commonsense” beliefs about musical ability. An intersectional analysis, “Destined to Fail” focuses on the relationship between eugenics and Seashore’s views on ability, race, and gender. Koza concludes that Seashore promoted eugenics and its companion, euthenics, because he was a true believer. She also discusses the longstanding silences surrounding Seashore’s participation in eugenics. As a diagnosis and critique of the present, “Destined to Fail” identifies resemblances and connections between past and present that illustrate the continuing influence of eugenics—and the systems of reasoning that made early-twentieth-century eugenics imaginable and seem reasonable—on education discourse and practice today. It maps out discursive, citational, and funding connections between eugenicists of the early twentieth-century and contemporary White supremacists; this mapping leads to some of Donald Trump’s supporters and appointees.
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Keywords
- Ability
- Carl Seashore
- Curriculum theory
- Disability
- Disability Studies
- Education
- equity in education
- Equity in music education
- Eugenics
- Eugenics and education
- Eugenics and music education
- Euthenics
- gender
- gifted and talented education
- History of Education
- History of music education
- history of psychology
- history of science
- History of the education of women
- intelligence
- Intelligence testing
- Intersectional research in education
- Music
- Music education
- Musical talent testing
- Psychology
- psychometrics
- Race
- race theory
- Racism
- Racism and Education
- Sexism
- Standardized testing
- Talent
- thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFM Disability: social aspects
- thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
- thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment
- Tracking
- white supremacy
Links
DOI: 10.3998/mpub.11865737Editions