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Among the canonical Gospels, the Gospel of Luke contains the largest number of parables, many of which have no parallels in the other Synoptics. The origin of those parables that are unique to Luke, some of which are very well known — like those of the prodigal son and of the good Samaritan — has always been debated. According to some scholars, it can be found in a hypothetical source, conventionally called L, to which Luke could have referred, along with other sources such as the Gospel of Mark and Q. These parables often show non-Lukan features both in vocabulary and content, but at the same time they include subjects that are indeed relevant to Luke — from considerations on everyday life, family and the relations between masters and servants, friends and enemies, to the redemption of outcasts and the most vulnerable groups. Luke contrasts these latter two groups with those who misuse their wealth or who do not care about their neighbors. Another characteristic element is the frequency of morally ambiguous or socially despised characters, who are instead re-evaluated, thereby forcing the audience to change their perspective and to judge entire categories, such as the rich and the representatives of Pharisaic Judaism, in an extremely negative way. In this work, the main interpretations of Luke’s parables and the supposed L source are examined. The subjects, language and objectives of L are also re-examined, as well as how Luke redacted this source.
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