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Processing of Heavy Crude Oils
Ramasamy Marappa Gounder, Mohd Afnan Ahmad, Shafirah Samsuri, Nurul Aini Amran, Abdelaziz El-Hoshoudy, Saad Desouky, Tarek Ganat, Mahshad Pazouki, Sayeed Rushd, Hazlina Husin, Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn Elhaj, Colin D. Wood, Rasel A. Sultan, Shahriar Mahmud, Ching Thian Tye, Faith Uchenna Babalola, Alfred Akpoveta Susu, Emad Soliman, Nurul Hasan, Mohamed M.B. Elmubarak, Ahmed M.E. Genefid, Mahmood E.A. Dheeb, Feyisayo Victoria Adams, Chikaodili E. Chukwuneke, Bolade O. Agboola, Pradip Chandra Mandal, Cheng Seong Khor, Samuel O. Sojinu, Onome Ejeromedoghene
2019
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Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Partners - Linked Titles
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Partners - Linked Titles
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Keywords
- Engineering
- KUnlatched
- Technology & Engineering / Petroleum
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