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Sustainable Utilization of Metals
Bernd Friedrich
2020
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The high demand for advanced metallic materials raises the need for an extensive recycling of metals and such a sustainable use of raw materials. ""Sustainable Utilization of Metals - Processing, Recovery and Recycling"" comprises the latest scientific achievements in efficient production of metals and such addresses sustainable resource use as part of the circular economy strategy. This policy drives the present contributions, aiming on the recirculation of EoL-streams such as Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), multi-metal alloys or composite materials back into metal production. This needs a holistic approach, resulting in the maximal avoidance of waste. Considering both aspects, circular economy and material design, recovery and use of minor metals play an essential role, since their importance for technological applications often goes along with a lack of supply on the world market. Additionally, their ignoble character and low concentration in recycling materials cause an insufficient recycling rate of these metals, awarding them the status of “critical metals”. In order to minimize losses and energy consumption, this issue explores concepts for the optimization concerning the interface between mechanical and thermal pre-treatment and metallurgical processes. Such new approaches in material design, structural engineering and substitution are provided in the chapters.
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Keywords
- alkaline leaching
- aluminium purification
- aluminum alloy
- ammonium scandium hexafluoride
- anti-solvent crystallization
- basic oxygen furnace
- battery pre-treatment
- bauxite residue
- Bayan Obo
- Bayer process
- blast furnace
- carbothermal reduction
- cavitation
- cementation
- Cerium
- Characterization
- chemical equilibrium diagram
- Circular Economy
- Circulation
- closed-loop circulation
- cold-bonded briquettes
- condensation
- Copper
- copper removal
- cryogenic pre-treatment
- desulfurization
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- displays
- Dust
- dynamic material flow model
- dysprosium
- electric arc furnace
- electrodeposition
- electrolytic lodes and scrapings
- electrolytic manganese
- enrichment of Ti
- environmentally friendly process
- fines
- flash smelting
- flotation
- gallium
- glass polishing waste
- Gold
- gravity separation
- halogenation
- Hydrometallurgy
- indium
- industrial residue
- industry sector
- intermetallic formation
- ionic liquids
- iron removal
- jarosite
- jarosite residue
- karst bauxite
- kinetics
- lanthanum
- laterites
- leaching
- Li-ion battery
- lifetime of steel
- magnesium
- Manganese
- material flow analysis
- melting behavior
- metal recovery
- Metallurgy
- microwave assisted pyrolysis
- n/a
- NdFeB magnets
- negative activation energy
- neodymium
- NMC batteries
- oxygen-depolarized cathodes
- physical separation
- polishing waste
- polythermal section
- precipitation
- preparation for recovery
- process development
- pyrolysis
- pyrometallurgy
- Rare Earth Elements
- Rare earths
- rare-earths
- recycling
- recycling potential
- recycling rate
- red mud
- reduction of Co
- REE–Nb–Fe ore
- refining
- reuse
- rheorefining
- scandium
- scandium recovery
- selective extraction
- selective precipitation
- Separation
- Silver
- silver leaching
- simultaneous recovery
- slag valorization
- sludge
- smartphone
- solvent extraction
- spent catalysts
- steel scrap
- steelmaking dust
- super-gravity
- Sustainable development
- thermal treatment
- Thermodynamics
- Tin recovery
- titanium recovery
- trace elements
- tramp element
- ultra-high purity
- vacuum distillation
- Vanadium
- volatilization
- waste utilization
- WPCB
- WPCBs
- yttrium
- Zinc
- zinc recycling
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-03928-886-1Editions
