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Osseointegrated Oral implants
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In the past, osseointegration was regarded to be a mode of implant anchorage that simulated a simple wound healing phenomenon. Today, we have evidence that osseointegration is, in fact, a foreign body reaction that involves an immunologically derived bony demarcation of an implant to shield it off from the tissues. Marginal bone resorption around an oral implant cannot be properly understood without realizing the foreign body nature of the implant itself. Whereas the immunological response as such is positive for implant longevity, adverse immunological reactions may cause marginal bone loss in combination with combined factors. Combined factors include the hardware, clinical handling as well as patient characteristics that, even if each one of these factors only produce subliminal trauma, when acting together they may result in loss of marginal bone. The role of bacteria in the process of marginal bone loss is smaller than previously believed due to combined defense mechanisms of inflammation and immunological reactions, but if the defense is failing we may see bacterially induced marginal bone loss as well. However, problems with loss of marginal bone threatening implant survival remains relatively uncommon; we have today 10 years of clinical documentation of five different types of implant displaying a failure rate in the range of only 1 to 4 %.
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Keywords
- abutment height
- air flow
- Allergy and Immunology
- alveolar bone loss
- alveolar bone remodeling/regeneration
- anchorage technique
- arthroplasty
- aseptic loosening
- augmentation
- Biocompatibility
- biocomposite
- Biofilm
- biological width
- biomaterial
- Biomaterials
- Biomechanics
- bone
- bone biology
- bone chips
- bone damage
- bone healing
- bone loss
- bone-implant interface
- bone–implant interface
- brain–bone axis
- CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography)
- Cell Adhesion
- cell plasticity
- classification of bone defects
- clinical study
- contact
- Convergence
- Crestal bone loss
- Cu
- Cytokines
- dental implant
- Dental Implantation
- dental implants
- Diagnosis
- dog study
- drilling tool design
- early loss
- electrolytic cleaning
- Electron microscopy
- energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry
- epigenomics
- finite element analysis (FEA)
- Finite Element Model
- foreign body reaction
- fused deposition modeling
- Healing
- Heat
- HIP
- Histology
- hypersensitivity
- iatrogenic damage
- immune
- Immune system
- Immunomodulation
- implant
- implant contamination
- implant insertion depth
- implant installation
- implant surface
- implant survival
- in vivo study
- Infection
- insertion
- Interleukin-8
- intraosseous temperature
- ligature induced peri-implantitis
- ligature-induced peri-implantitis
- marginal bone loss
- materials testing
- Mechanical properties
- Mechanotransduction
- medicine
- micro-RNA
- microarray
- mucositis
- n/a
- oral health-related quality of life
- oral implant
- oral implants
- orthopedic implant
- osseointegration
- osseoseparation
- osseosufficiency
- osteogenesis
- osteotomy
- over-treatment
- overdenture
- overloading
- patient-reported outcome measures
- PEEK
- peri-implant endosseous healing
- peri-implantitis
- periimplantitis
- perio-prosthetic joint infection
- photoacoustic ultrasound
- polyether ether ketone
- predictive biomarker
- Radiography
- re-osseointegration
- replacement
- scanning electron microscopy
- scanning transmission electron microscopy
- soft tissue
- split-mouth design
- subcrestal implants
- surface properties
- systematic review
- Titanium
- topography
- vertical mucosal thickness
- wettability
- zirconia
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-03936-641-5Editions