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The Retina in Health and Disease
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Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.
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Keywords
- 3,5-DHBA
- Ac2-26
- African-American
- age-related macular degeneration
- AII amacrine cell
- altricial bird species
- Alzheimer’s disease
- AMD
- amyloid
- Angiogenesis
- Angiography
- Antioxidants
- Apoptosis
- arterioles
- Astrocytes
- ATP
- atypical cannabinoid receptors
- Autophagy
- Axon
- betulinic acid
- Bioenergetics
- Biology, Life Sciences
- biomarker
- Black
- Catalase
- CD4+CD25+
- cellular senescence
- Charles Bonnet syndrome
- clinical trials
- Cognitive decline
- complement cascade
- complication
- Development
- diabetes
- Diabetes Mellitus
- diabetic retinopathy
- dLGN
- DRP1
- early detection
- eccentricity
- EEG
- Electron microscopy
- electroretinography
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- epidermal growth factor
- exendin-4
- Experimental models
- Eye
- eye inflammation
- fingolimod
- FPR receptor
- Functional analysis
- gap junction
- germ-free mice
- GFAP
- glucagon-like peptide-1
- GPR81
- growth cone
- GRP78
- gut microbiome
- gut-retina axis
- HCAR1
- HDAC
- high-fat diet
- histone deacetylase
- hyperglycemia
- hypoxia
- immunodeficient RCS rat
- immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation
- inflammatory mediators
- IPSC
- iPSC-RPE
- ischemia-reperfusion injury
- kallikrein-kinin system
- kinin receptors
- Lactate
- LED screen
- Life sciences: general issues
- light damage
- lipopolysaccharide
- macroglia
- Mathematics & science
- medicine
- mesenchymal stem cells
- Metabolism
- Microglia
- microglia morphotype
- microvascular
- microvascular complications and dysfunction
- Mitochondria
- Monkeys
- motor protein
- Müller cells
- Multiple Sclerosis
- myosin 1C
- n/a
- natural bioactive extracts
- neurod
- neurodegeneration
- Neuroprotection
- Neurosciences
- neurovascular unit
- Notch
- ON/OFF asymmetry
- optic nerve crush
- optic neuritis
- Optical Coherence Tomography
- optical filter
- osteopontin
- outer segments
- Oxidative Stress
- parvalbumin
- photoreceptor
- photoreceptors
- precocial bird species
- progenitor cell
- programmed cell death
- Prox1
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Regeneration
- Remodeling
- Respiration
- resting state
- Retina
- Retinal degeneration
- retinal degenerative diseases
- retinal detachment
- retinal fluorescence imaging
- retinal ganglion cells
- retinal glial cell
- retinal inflammation
- retinal light injury
- retinal microglia
- retinal pigment epithelium
- retinal protection
- retinal transplantation
- retinal vessels
- retinogenesis
- retinopathy
- rhodopsin
- RNA sequencing
- senescence-associated galactosidase activity
- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- spinal cord injury
- stem cell therapy
- stress response
- systemic disease
- trichostatin A (TSA)
- typical cannabinoid receptors
- ultrathin parylene
- Unfolded Protein Response
- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
- vascularization
- visual function
- visual hallucination
- Visual System
- Zebrafish
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-2652-2Editions