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Challenges and Prospects of Steelmaking Towards the Year 2050
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The world steel industry is strongly based on coal/coke in ironmaking, resulting in huge carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to approximately 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As the world is experiencing a period of imminent threat owing to climate change, the steel industry is also facing a tremendous challenge in next decades. This themed issue makes a survey on the current situation of steel production, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, as well as cross-sections of the potential methods to decrease CO2 emissions in current processes via improved energy and materials efficiency, increasing recycling, utilizing alternative energy sources, and adopting CO2 capture and storage. The current state, problems and plans in the two biggest steel producing countries, China and India are introduced. Generally contemplating, incremental improvements in current processes play a key role in rapid mitigation of specific emissions, but finally they are insufficient when striving for carbon neutral production in the long run. Then hydrogen and electrification are the apparent solutions also to iron and steel production. The book gives a holistic overview of the current situation and challenges, and an inclusive compilation of the potential technologies and solutions for the global CO2 emissions problem.
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Keywords
- alternate ironmaking processes
- blue dust
- by-products
- carbon capture and storage
- carbon emission
- carbon emissions
- carbon footprint
- charcoal
- Circular Economy
- Climate Change
- climate warming
- CO2 mineralization
- CO2 mitigation
- coking coal
- decarbonization
- Digital skills
- digital technologies
- Digital Transformation
- Digitalization
- direct reduction
- DRI
- ecology transition
- electricity generation
- emissions mitigation
- Energy consumption
- energy saving
- Environment
- Environmental impact
- flash ironmaking process
- fossil-free steel
- gas injection
- grid balancing
- Hydrogen
- hydrogen direct-reduced iron (H2DRI)
- hydrogen in steelmaking
- hydrogen production by water electrolysis
- Hydrogen Storage
- industrial restructuring
- Industrial symbiosis
- iron ore
- iron ore concentrate
- ironmaking
- kinetic models
- kinetics
- lean and frugal design
- Life cycle assessment (LCA)
- Mathematical model
- melting of H2DRI in EAF (Electric Arc Furnace)
- metallic products
- Metals
- mini blast furnace
- Mining
- n/a
- Nanoparticles
- Natural gas
- Pollution
- Production
- recycling
- renewable electricity
- reuse
- scrap
- self-reducing burden
- smelting reduction
- steel
- steel industry
- steel vision
- steelmaking slags
- technology upgrade
- Technology, engineering, agriculture
- Technology: general issues
- Toxicology
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-2776-5Editions