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Creatine Supplementation for Health and Clinical Diseases
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Creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, primarily by binding with phosphate to form phosphocreatine (PCr) as well as shuttling high-energy phosphate compounds in and out of the mitochondria for metabolism. Increasing the dietary availability of creatine increases the tissue and cellular availability of PCr, and thereby enhances the ability to maintain high-energy states during intense exercise. For this reason, creatine monohydrate has been extensively studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport. Limitations in the ability to synthesize creatine and transport and/or store dietary creatine can impair metabolism and is a contributor to several disease states. Additionally, creatine provides an important source of energy during metabolically stressed states, particularly when oxygen availability is limited. Thus, researchers have assessed the role of creatine supplementation on health throughout the lifespan, as well as whether creatine availability may improve disease management and/or therapeutic outcomes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific and medical evidence related to creatine's role in metabolism, health throughout the lifespan, and our current understanding of how creatine can promote brain, heart, vascular and immune health; reduce the severity of musculoskeletal and brain injury; and may provide therapeutic benefits in glucose management and diabetes, cancer therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-viral fatigue.
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Keywords
- activated protein kinase (AMPK)
- Adaptive Immunity
- adenosine 5′-monopnophosphate-activated protein kinase
- Adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP)
- Adipose Tissue
- amino acids
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Anemia
- anthracycline
- anthracyclines
- anti-inflammatory
- anticancer
- antioxidant
- Athletes
- Athletic Performance
- Atrophy
- Bioinformatics
- Biology, Life Sciences
- BMI-for-age
- Brain Injury
- cachexia
- cancer immunotherapy
- cardiac infarction
- cardiac signaling
- cardiac toxicity
- cardiopulmonary disease
- cardiotoxicity
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Cell Survival
- cellular allostasis
- Cellular metabolism
- Children
- chronic fatigue
- chronic fatigue syndrome
- Clinical Trial
- Cognition
- cognitive impairment
- concussion
- creatine
- creatine kinase
- creatine kinase (CK)
- creatine perfusion
- creatine supplementation
- creatine synthesis deficiencies
- creatine transporter
- creatine transporter (CrT)
- Crohn’s disease
- Cultural Studies
- cytotoxic T cells
- Depression
- Development
- diabetes
- dietary ingredients
- dietary supplement
- dietary supplements
- doxorubicin
- dynamic biosensor
- Energy Metabolism
- ergogenic aid
- ergogenic aids
- Exercise
- exercise performance
- Female
- Fertility
- Food & society
- Frailty
- GAA
- glucose transporter (GLUT)
- glycemic control
- Growth
- Heart
- Heart Failure
- height
- hemodialysis
- Hormones
- hyperhomocysteinemia
- Hypertrophy
- hypoxia
- immobilization
- Immunity
- Inflammation
- inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
- innate immunity
- intestinal epithelial cell protection
- intestinal tissue protection
- intradialytic creatine supplementation
- ischemia
- liver kinase B1 (LKB1)
- long Covid
- macrophage polarization
- MAP kinase signaling system
- Mathematics & science
- MCDA
- Menopause
- Menstrual Cycle
- metabolic regulator
- Methylation
- Mitochondria
- mitochondrial cytopathy
- mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)
- mitochondriopathia
- mood
- muscle
- muscle atrophy
- muscle damage
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscle strength
- muscle weakness
- muscular adaptation
- muscular dystrophy
- muscular power
- Myocardial Infarction
- Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Neuromodulation
- newborn
- noncommunicable disease
- nutritional supplements
- Organ Transplantation
- osteoporosis
- osteosarcopenia
- Oxidative Stress
- parkinson’s disease
- Performance
- phosphagens
- phosphocreatine
- phosphocreatine (PCr)
- phosphorylcreatine
- physiological adaptation
- pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation
- post-viral fatigue syndrome
- Pregnancy
- protein energy wasting
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Recovery
- Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects
- Rehabilitation
- Research & information: general
- resistance exercise
- resistance training
- Sarcopenia
- signal transduction
- skeletal muscle
- Society & culture: general
- Society & Social Sciences
- sodium-chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters
- soy
- spinal cord injury
- Sports Nutrition
- stature-for-age
- strength
- Stroke
- supplementation
- supplements
- Systems Biology
- T cell antitumor immunity
- Thermogenesis
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Toxicity
- Training
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Treatment
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- ulcerative colitis
- vascular health
- vascular pathology
- vegetarian/vegan diet
- weightlifting
- Youth
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-2156-5Editions