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Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Hypertension
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Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multi-factorial progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and progressive visual field loss which, if left untreated, may lead to blindness. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the main risk factor for developing POAG, and its reduction has been shown to correlate with a decrease in glaucoma incidence and progression. Considering that fewer than 10% of the subjects with ocular hypertension (OHT) will develop morphological and/or functional glaucomatous damage within 5 years if not treated, glaucoma causes and molecular changes leading to ocular tissue damage in glaucoma are still largely unknown. The contemporary treatment of POAG is mainly oriented towards reducing IOP; the importance of the IOP reduction in other types of glaucoma, such as the “normal pressure glaucoma”, is still discussed. The IOP value is maintained by balancing the amount of fluid contained within the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye; our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the secretion and active and passive outflow of the aqueous humor is extremely important for improving the treatment of glaucoma. Innovative pharmacological approaches, and laser and surgical procedures aiming to reduce IOP, have been developed in recent years. This book provides a compendium of topics regarding IOP, aqueous humor dynamics, tonometry, and medical and surgical techniques developed to reduce the IOP in subjects with ocular hypertension or glaucoma.
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Keywords
- 3D culture
- ab interno trabeculotomy
- Age
- anti-VEGF agents
- aphakia
- aqueous humor
- Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width
- canaloplasty
- cataract extraction
- cataract surgery
- central corneal thickness
- central corneal thickness (CCT)
- childhood glaucoma
- corneal biomechanics
- corneal hysteresis
- corneal resistance factor
- corneal thickness
- cyclodestruction
- Cytoskeleton
- dropless treatment
- Esnoper V-2000 implant
- extraocular muscle
- Female
- GDF15
- Glaucoma
- glaucoma drainage device
- Glucocorticoids
- Goldmann Applanation tonometer
- Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT)
- higher-order aberrations
- Icare
- iCare tonometry
- incision in the Schlemm’s canal in degrees
- inhaled administration
- intranasal administration
- intraocular pressure
- intraocular pressure (IOP)
- intraocular pressure measurement
- intravitreal injection
- IOP fluctuation
- Kahook Dual Blade
- laser treatment
- lensectomy
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- management (or therapy)
- matrigel
- medicine
- minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS)
- Myopia
- n/a
- neuroretina
- neuroretinal rim reversal
- non-contact tonometer
- non-penetrating deep sclerectomy
- non-perforating surgical procedures
- ocular hypertension
- ocular response analyzer
- OMNI viscosurgical system
- open angle glaucoma (OAG)
- open-angle glaucoma
- ORA
- outflow
- Perkins tonometry
- phase-sensitive optical coherent tomography
- post-surgical complication
- primary open-angle glaucoma
- progression
- prostaglandin analog
- pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG)
- pseudophakia
- pulsatile motion
- rebound tonometer
- refractive error
- rho-kinase inhibitor
- risk stratification
- safety profile
- Schlemm’s canal
- Schlemm’s canal viscodilation
- serum
- serum calcium
- standardized anaesthesia
- steroid response
- systemic administration
- T2 relaxation time
- thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
- tonometry
- trabecular meshwork
- trabeculectomy
- trabeculotomy
- XEN GelStent
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-5099-2Editions