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The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Skeletal Structures
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The increasing partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) is reducing surface ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification (OA) This results in a reduced saturation of the seawater with respect to the CaCO3 polymorphs aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite that are involved in the biological formation of calcareous skeletons and shells. The effect of OA on calcium carbonate precipitation and the subsequent dissolution in carbonate depositional systems, such as coral reefs, is a hotly debated topic. While early studies suggested that certain carbonate-secreting organism groups may be strongly affected by OA or may even become extinct, others observed highly variable, species-specific responses to OA, whereby some taxa are negatively affected, some are positively affected, and others are unaffected. The collection of articles presented in this Special Issue presents ongoing research into the effects of OA on calcareous biomineralization while introducing some new questions and provocative hypotheses. The continued investigation of these concepts should advance our understanding of the mechanisms of biocalcification and improve predictions of how future CO2-induced changes in marine and freshwater systems will impact calcifying organisms, as well as the ecosystems they comprise, in the decades and centuries ahead.
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Keywords
- Archaean
- artificial intelligence
- B/Ca
- biomineralization
- bleaching
- boron isotopes
- calcareous algae
- Calcification
- calcifying fluid
- Carbon Dioxide
- carbon isotopes
- caribbean
- coccolithophores
- coral
- coral recruits
- coral reefs
- Cyanobacteria
- Echinoderm
- Environmental science, engineering & technology
- freshwater acidification
- freshwater calcifier
- Global warming
- History of engineering & technology
- Lake Tahoe
- microelectrode
- Mineralogy
- Mytilus edulis
- Mytilus trossulus
- n/a
- nutrient limitation
- ocean acidification
- ocean warming
- PCE-CT
- pH regulation
- Phosphate
- Photosynthesis
- predator-prey interactions
- Proterozoic
- scleractinian coral
- skeletal structure
- Skeleton
- starfish
- symbiont
- synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microCT
- Technology, engineering, agriculture
- Technology: general issues
- zooxanthellate photosymbiont
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8283-2Editions