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Mountains under Pressure
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Mountain forests and alpine ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and endemism, and they are also large global carbon stores. They are highly threatened by climate change, population growth and land use change. Mountains represent an ideal natural laboratory in which the evolution of social–ecological systems can be investigated and to the current challenges and opportunities that this past evolution has created can be assessed. Mountains have been centres of past development and conduits for the spread of crops, populations and technologies. They were and remain a locus for cultural interaction, as manifested recently in many parts of the world at the local level through pastoral–agricultural–urban interactions over access to space and resources, particularly water. The relevance and impact of this Special Issue on mountains goes beyond academia, as practitioners and policymakers need key information on the dynamics and changes in threatened ecosystems to help design and implement appropriate management strategies for sustainable mountain futures.
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Keywords
- adaptation strategies
- Agroforestry
- Alien species
- alpine
- alpine and montane ecosystems
- Andean forests
- austral perspective
- Biological invasions
- CAP
- Chagga
- Citizen science
- Climate Change
- connectivity
- Deforestation
- drought
- East Africa
- ecological indices
- Ecosystem services
- elevation
- environmental drivers
- environmental perceptions
- environmental sustainability
- Erosion
- Ethnicity
- experimental manipulations
- extensive cattle rearing
- farmer
- Farmers
- fourth corner
- fractal characteristics
- fragmentation
- functional traits
- gender
- geographically and temporally weighted regression
- Geography
- global change
- gully agricultural production transformation
- Gully Land Consolidation
- Hehe
- hill country
- Itombwe Mountains
- kānuka
- karst mountain area
- katun
- Kilimanjaro
- land abandonment
- land function
- Land management
- land-use change
- Landsat
- local knowledge
- long-term research
- MaxEnt
- meadows
- Mediterranean
- mitigation policies
- model complexity
- model validation
- Montenegro
- mountain
- mountain agroecosystems
- mountain observatories
- mountain vegetation
- Mountains
- mowing tolerance
- multi-disciplinary research
- mycorrhizas
- n/a
- natural geographical features
- New Zealand
- pastures
- perceptions
- policy assessment
- policy trade-offs
- poplar
- Population
- population trends
- precipitation
- PRISMA
- Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects
- Research & information: general
- RLQ
- Rural development
- rural mountain settlements
- rural space
- satellite data
- Shifting cultivation
- silvopasture
- small-scale context
- social context
- socio-ecological coupling
- socio-economic drivers
- Soil conservation
- southern Africa
- spatial effects
- species abundance
- species distribution models
- spreadsheet
- suitable space
- Sustainable development
- sustainable land use
- swiddens
- Traditional architecture
- traditional fallow
- transhumance
- tree invasions
- Udzungwa
- Urbanisation
- vegetation
- vernacular heritage
- water-facing distribution
- wealth group
- wealth groups
- woody plant encroachment
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8175-0Editions