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A decade before the American Civil War, James Churchwill Vaughan (1828–1893) set out to fulfill his formerly enslaved father's dying wish that he should leave America to start a new life in Africa. Over the next forty years, Vaughan was taken captive, fought in African wars, built and rebuilt a livelihood, and led a revolt against white racism, finally becoming a successful merchant and the founder of a wealthy, educated, and politically active family. Tracing Vaughan's journey from South Carolina to Liberia to several parts of Yorubaland (present-day southwestern Nigeria), Lisa Lindsay documents this "free" man's struggle to find economic and political autonomy in an era when freedom was not clear and unhindered anywhere for people of African descent. In a tour de force of historical investigation on two continents, Lindsay tells a story of Vaughan's survival, prosperity, and activism against a seemingly endless series of obstacles. By following Vaughan's transatlantic journeys and comparing his experiences to those of his parents, contemporaries, and descendants in Nigeria and South Carolina, Lindsay reveals the expansive reach of slavery, the ambiguities of freedom, and the surprising ways that Africa, rather than America, offered new opportunities for people of African descent.
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Keywords
- Abeokuta, Nigeria
- African diaspora
- African history
- American Colonization Society
- atlantic world
- Ayo Vaughan-Richards
- Black Atlantic
- Camden, South Carolina
- colonial Nigeria
- colonial racism
- comparative racism
- comparative slavery
- country marks
- Dr
- Ebenezer Baptist Church, Nigeria
- Edward Wilmot Blyden
- Historical memory
- History
- History of the Americas
- History: earliest times to present day
- Humanities
- Ibadan, Nigeria
- Ijaye War, Nigeria
- James Churchwill Vaughan
- Jewel Lafontant
- Joseph Harden
- Kofo Ademola
- Lagos, Nigeria
- Liberia
- Marshall Hooper
- Martin Robeson Delaney
- meaning of freedom
- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900
- Mojola Agbebi
- Moses Ladejo Stone
- Moses Strother Cook
- Reconstruction in South Carolina
- Regional & national history
- return to Africa
- Robert Campbell
- Samuel Ajayi Crowther
- Samuel Harden
- Southern Baptist missionaries
- Thomas Jefferson Bowen
- William Clarke
- William Colley
- William David
- Yoruba cultural nationalism
- Yorubaland
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