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Recent Developments in Environmentally Sustainable and Cost-Effective Construction Materials
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The effects of additives on the flow characteristics of drilling muds used in various drilling operations, including oil and gas wells, must be better quantified. In this study, acrylamide polymer was used to modify water-based bentonite mud to reduce the yield point and maximum shear stress produced by the mud during the drilling operation. The bentonite content in the drilling mud was varied up to 6% (by weight). Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, the major constituents of bentonite were montmorillonite (MMT, (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O), feldspar (Albite, NaAlSi3O8), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH4)), Beidellite ((Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2·nH2O) and quartz (SiO2). Bentonite was modified using a water-soluble polymer solution before being used in the drilling mud. The rheological properties of bentonite were characterized from a very low strain rate to a relatively high strain rate to determine the nonlinear behavior of the shear-thinning drilling mud. The polymer modification reduced the yield point by 26–66% based on the bentonite content in the drilling mud.
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Keywords
- acetates
- acid resistance
- alkali activation
- bonding strength
- cellulose fibre
- cement replacement
- compressive strength
- concentric cylinder geometry
- Concrete
- construction waste
- continuous performance grade
- curing age
- curing conditions
- curing periods
- date palm fiber
- Delta T Critical
- durability
- durability properties
- empirical equation
- empirical model
- energy absorption capacity
- engineering characteristics
- engineering properties
- fiber reinforcement
- fibers and environment
- fibre reinforcement
- fibrous concrete
- flexural ductility
- Fracture mechanics
- fresh properties
- ground tire rubber
- History of engineering & technology
- LAS
- life cycle
- lime-based concrete
- limestone powder
- long-term free drying shrinkage
- matrix suction
- mechanical characteristics
- Mechanical properties
- meso-mechanical
- micro-fibers
- mix proportion
- modeling
- models
- MSCR
- natural pozzolan
- non-destructive properties
- optimization
- parallel plate geometry
- recycling
- representative volume element (RVE)
- response surface methodology
- rubberized self-compacted concrete
- self-compacted geopolymer concrete (SCGC)
- self-compacting concrete
- silica fume
- slag/fly ash
- slump flow
- soil–water characteristic curve
- sorptivity
- steel fiber
- sulfuric acid
- supplementary binder
- Technology, engineering, agriculture
- Technology: general issues
- tensile properties
- thermal cycles
- unsaturated soil
- vegetated slope
- vetiver root system morphology
- waste crumb rubber
- waste tyres
- water absorption
- workability
Links
DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9402-6Editions