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The Beginnings of Anti-Jewish Legislation
Mária M. Kovács
2023
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The Nazi 1933 Civil Service Law and the 1935 Nuremberg Laws are often considered the first anti-Jewish decrees in interwar Europe. Mária M. Kovács convincingly argues that Hungary’s numerus clausus law of 1920, which introduced a Jewish quota at Hungary’s institutions of higher learning, was, in fact, interwar Europe’s first antisemitic law. By defining—and discriminating against—Jews as a separate “racial” or “national” group, it abrogated the principle of equal rights that had been enshrined into law; as such, it marked an abrupt reversal of Jewish emancipation in Hungary. Moreover, the numerus clausus law set the stage for subsequent “Jewish Laws” (in the late 1930s and early 1940s) that sought to solve Hungary’s “Jewish Question” by means of extraordinary legal measures that targeted Jews alone. This book examines the origins and implementation of the numerus clausus, as well as the attempts to dampen its impact on Hungary’s international reputation, focusing on the debates surrounding it promulgation (1920), its modification (1928) and its eventual application to other areas of Jewish life (1938–45).
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Keywords
- 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000
- Anti-Jewish Laws
- Antisemitism
- History
- History: earliest times to present day
- Humanities
- Interwar Hungary
- jewish question
- Jewish Studies
- Jurisprudence & general issues
- Law
- legal history
- Religious groups: social & cultural aspects
- Social groups
- Society & culture: general
- Society & Social Sciences
- thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999
- thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PG Relating to religious groups::5PGJ Relating to Jewish people and groups
- thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSR Social groups: religious groups and communities
- thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAZ Legal history
- thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology
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