Carthage, now a ruin on the North coast of Africa, was the capital of one of the ancient world's most powerful empires. This book describes its history, from foundation by the Phoenicians in the ninth century BC to destruction by the Romans six centuries later. The volume opens with a narrative account of the expansion of the Phoenician trade empire from the tenth to the fifth centuries BC. It examines the growth of Carthage from a colony of Tyre to the capital of a western empire that stretched across Africa from modern-day Libya to the coast beyond the Pillars of Hercules, and in Europe from Spain through Sardinia to Sicily. The central part of the book creates a portrait of Carthage at the peak of its power, describing its society, trade, rituals and religion. It then discusses the great conflict with Rome, famously featuring Hannibal's crossing of the Alps, and concluding with the city's destruction in 146 BC. The author concludes with an essay on what of Punic culture survived the demise of the city. The book uses the latest findings of archaeological research throughout the Mediterranean, technical research from many disciplines, and all surviving contemporary writing. It is fully illustrated with over 160 maps and photographs, and concludes with a chronology, bibliography and index.